Green Synthesis Chitosan Nanopartikel Berbasis Ekstrak Buah Maja (Aegle Marmelos) Dan Potensinya Sebagai Antibakteri Secara In Vitro

Reva, Firstasa Asmara (2026) Green Synthesis Chitosan Nanopartikel Berbasis Ekstrak Buah Maja (Aegle Marmelos) Dan Potensinya Sebagai Antibakteri Secara In Vitro. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini melakukan green synthesis nanopartikel kitosan (ChiNPs) melalui metode ionic gelation dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak buah maja (Aegle marmelos) sebagai agen bioreduktor dan penstabil alami. Penentuan kondisi sintesis optimum dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) berdasarkan karakterisasi UV-Vis. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi sintesis optimum diperoleh pada pH 4, waktu reaksi 3 jam, konsentrasi ekstrak 25%, dan suhu 50°C. Karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, FESEM-EDX, dan XRD mengonfirmasi terbentuknya ChiNPs dengan senyawa fenolik ekstrak berperan sebagai capping agent pada permukaan nanopartikel. ChiNPs yang dihasilkan memiliki ukuran partikel rata-rata 81,4 ± 19,4 nm serta menunjukkan peningkatan kristalinitas dibandingkan kitosan murni. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram menunjukkan bahwa ChiNPs menghasilkan diameter zona hambat yang lebih besar dibandingkan larutan kitosan 1% terhadap bakteri Gram-negatif, yaitu Escherichia coli sebesar 7,989 mm dan Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae sebesar 8,284 mm. Sementara itu, terhadap bakteri Gram-positif diperoleh diameter zona hambat sebesar 9,173 mm pada Staphylococcus aureus dan 6,347 mm pada Bacillus cereus. Pengujian Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) menunjukkan bahwa ChiNPs mencapai ambang inhibisi ≥90% pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm terhadap bakteri Gram-negatif E. coli dan X. oryzae pv. oryzae, sedangkan terhadap bakteri Gram-positif S. aureus dan B. cereus ambang inhibisi tersebut dicapai pada konsentrasi 6000 ppm. Secara keseluruhan, ChiNPs berbasis ekstrak A. marmelos menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih efektif terhadap bakteri Gram-negatif dibandingkan bakteri Gram-positif, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antimikroba alternatif.
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This study conducted the green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNPs) using the ionic gelation method by employing Aegle marmelos fruit extract as a natural bioreducing and stabilizing agent. The optimum synthesis conditions were determined using the One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) approach based on UV–Vis characterization. The optimization results showed that the optimum synthesis conditions were achieved at pH 4, a reaction time of 3 h, an extract concentration of 25%, and a temperature of 50°C. Characterization using FTIR, FESEM-EDX, and XRD confirmed the formation of ChiNPs, with phenolic compounds from the extract acting as capping agents on the nanoparticle surface. The synthesized ChiNPs exhibited an average particle size of 81.4 ± 19.4 nm and showed enhanced crystallinity compared with pure chitosan. Antibacterial activity evaluated using the disk diffusion method demonstrated that ChiNPs produced larger inhibition zones than the 1% chitosan solution against Gram-negative bacteria, with inhibition zone diameters of 7.989 mm for Escherichia coli and 8.284 mm for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In contrast, inhibition zone diameters against Gram-positive bacteria were 9.173 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 6.347 mm for Bacillus cereus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay showed that ChiNPs achieved an inhibition threshold of ≥90% at a concentration of 1000 ppm against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and X. oryzae pv. oryzae, whereas the same inhibition threshold was achieved at a concentration of 6000 ppm against the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. cereus. Overall, ChiNPs synthesized using A. marmelos extract exhibited greater antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria, indicating their potential as an alternative antimicrobial agent.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aktivitas antibakteri, Aegle marmelos, Green synthesis, Karakterisasi fisikokimia, Nanopartikel kitosan, Aegle marmelos, Antimicrobial activity, Chitosan nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Physicochemical characterization
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QK Botany Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Natural Science > Biology > 46101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Reva Firstasa Asmara
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 02:13
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 02:13
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143338

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