Ramadhan, Rabil (2026) Evaluasi Dan Mitigasi Tegangan Lebih Pada Integrasi PLTS 50 MW Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) Menggunakan Kontrol Smart Inverter Dan Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Integrasi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) skala besar ke dalam jaringan distribusi dapat menimbulkan permasalahan tegangan lebih, terutama ketika produksi daya aktif tinggi, beban penyulang rendah, dan terjadi aliran daya balik menuju jaringan. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi strategi mitigasi tegangan lebih pada PLTS Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) berkapasitas 50 MW yang terhubung ke sistem 20 kV melalui beberapa Smart Transformer Station (STS). Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada evaluasi profil tegangan harian bus PLTS, khususnya pada Bus 1 yang tidak terdapat Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). Penelitian ini menggunakan data operasi SCADA dan simulasi ETAP Time Domain Load Flow untuk membandingkan beberapa skenario kontrol smart inverter, meliputi Fixed PF control, voltage control, Mvar control, Volt-Watt, Watt-PF, serta pendekatan Volt-VAR. Selain itu, pengembangan kontrol berbasis Model Predictive Control (MPC) juga dievaluasi sebagai pendekatan optimasi setpoint untuk mengoordinasikan PF inverter dan daya charging BESS. Kinerja setiap skenario dievaluasi berdasarkan kemampuan menurunkan tegangan bus 20 kV, kebutuhan daya reaktif, batas faktor daya inverter, potensi pembatasan daya aktif, kontribusi BESS, serta kestabilan konvergensi simulasi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pada Bus 1, skenario Fixed PF Control dengan PF 1 menghasilkan tegangan maksimum sebesar 23,21 kV, sedangkan pengaturan PF eksisting 0,94 masih menghasilkan tegangan maksimum sebesar 21,49 kV. Penerapan pendekatan Volt-VAR mampu menurunkan tegangan maksimum Bus 1 menjadi 20,84 kV, sementara skenario Watt-PF menghasilkan tegangan maksimum sebesar 20,96 kV. Pada Bus 2, tegangan maksimum sebesar 21,69 kV pada PF 1 turun menjadi 21,38 kV pada PF eksisting 0,96 tanpa BESS, dan kembali turun menjadi 21,04 kV setelah pengoperasian BESS. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan daya reaktif inverter secara adaptif lebih efektif dibandingkan pengaturan PF tetap dalam menjaga tegangan bus PLTS berada dalam rentang operasi 19–21 kV. Selain itu, BESS berkontribusi dalam menurunkan tegangan pada bus 2, dengan cara menyerap kelebihan daya aktif produksi PLTS. Hasil pengembangan MPC yang divalidasi melalui ETAP menunjukkan bahwa koordinasi setpoint PF inverter dan daya charging BESS mampu menjaga tegangan Bus 1 dan Bus 2 tetap berada dalam rentang operasi. Pendekatan ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan kontrol terkoordinasi pada PLTS skala besar dengan mempertimbangkan batas PF inverter, kemampuan daya reaktif, serta kapasitas operasi BESS.
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The integration of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants into distribution networks may cause overvoltage problems, particularly under high active power generation, low feeder load, and reverse power flow conditions. This study evaluates overvoltage mitigation strategies for the 50 MW Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) PV power plant, which is connected to a 20 kV system through several Smart Transformer Stations (STS). The study focuses on the evaluation of the daily voltage profile at the PV plant buses, particularly Bus 1, which is not equipped with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). This research uses SCADA operating data and ETAP Time Domain Load Flow simulations to compare several smart inverter control scenarios, including Fixed PF control, voltage control, Mvar control, Volt-Watt, Watt-PF, and Volt-VAR approach. In addition, a Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based control development is evaluated as a setpoint optimization approach to coordinate inverter PF and BESS charging power. The performance of each scenario is evaluated based on its ability to reduce the 20 kV bus voltage, reactive power requirement, inverter power factor limits, active power curtailment potential, BESS contribution, and simulation convergence stability. The simulation results show that, at Bus 1, the Fixed PF Control scenario with PF 1 produces a maximum voltage of 23.21 kV, while the existing PF setting of 0.94 still results in a maximum voltage of 21.49 kV. The implementation of the Volt-VAR approach reduces the maximum voltage at Bus 1 to 20.84 kV, while the Watt-PF scenario results in a maximum voltage of 20.96 kV. At Bus 2, the maximum voltage of 21.69 kV under PF 1 decreases to 21.38 kV under the existing PF setting of 0.96 without BESS, and further decreases to 21.04 kV after BESS operation. These results indicate that adaptive inverter reactive power control is more effective than fixed PF control in maintaining the PV plant bus voltage within the 19–21 kV operating range. In addition, BESS contributes to reducing the voltage at Bus 2 by absorbing excess active power generated by the PV plant. The MPC development results, validated through ETAP, show that the coordination of inverter PF setpoints and BESS charging power is able to maintain the voltages of Bus 1 and Bus 2 within the operating range. This approach can be used as a basis for developing coordinated control in large-scale PV power plants by considering inverter PF limits, reactive power capability, and BESS operating capacity.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Battery Energy Storage System, ETAP, Smart Inverter, tegangan lebih, Volt-VAR, Overvoltage, Smart Inverter |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1056 Solar power plants. Ocean thermal power plants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Rabil Ramadhan |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2026 01:07 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2026 01:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143409 |
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