Silitonga, Zefanya Wicaksono (2026) Usulan Peningkatan Aspek Keberlanjutan pada Budi Daya Tambak Udang di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta melalui Pendekatan Ekonomi Sirkuler. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Industri akuakultur, khususnya budi daya tambak udang, berkembang pesat sebagai respons terhadap meningkatnya kebutuhan pangan global dan keterbatasan hasil tangkapan perairan lepas. Namun, intensifikasi produksi udang menimbulkan akumulasi limbah organik dan anorganik yang menurunkan kualitas air serta mengancam keberlanjutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi aktivitas kritis penghasil limbah pada proses bisnis tambak udang, merancang proses bisnis baru berbasis ekonomi sirkuler, serta menyusun standard operating procedure (SOP) sebagai usulan perbaikan. Penelitian dilakukan pada usaha tambak udang milik Haru Suwarta dan Herman Soesilo di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta melalui tiga fase, yaitu pengumpulan data, pengolahan data (pemodelan CIMOSA, IDEF0, dan Data Flow Diagram; pengukuran Environmental Emissions Index (EEI); serta identifikasi aktivitas kritis melalui diagram Pareto), dan perumusan perbaikan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa empat aktivitas menyumbang 80,72% dari total beban lingkungan. Dirancang perbaikan berbasis ekonomi sirkuler berupa kolam Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) serta pemanfaatan lumpur siphon sebagai pupuk Gracilaria sp. yang berperan sebagai biofilter. Penerapan usulan tersebut menurunkan total nilai EEI sebesar 64,6%. Hasil work-time study menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas baru dapat diserap oleh kedua karyawan dengan kenaikan utilisasi kerja dari 31% menjadi 84% tanpa penambahan tenaga kerja, sedangkan validasi finansial melalui payback period menunjukkan bahwa investasi dapat dikembalikan dalam waktu sekitar 8,2 tahun.
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The aquaculture industry, particularly shrimp pond farming, has experienced rapid growth in response to increasing food demand and the limitations of wild fisheries. However, it has led to the accumulation of organic and inorganic waste, resulting in deteriorating water quality and posing challenges to environmental sustainability. This study aims to identify critical activities within the shrimp farming business process, design a new business process based on circular economy principles, and develop SOP as proposed improvements. The research was conducted at shrimp farms owned by Suwarta and Soesilo in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, through three phases: data collection; data processing, including CIMOSA, IDEF0, and Data Flow Diagram (DFD) modeling, Environmental Emissions Index (EEI) assessment, and identification of critical activities using Pareto analysis; and the formulation of improvement methods. The results indicate that four activities contributed 80.72% of the total environmental burden. A circular economy-based improvement was proposed through the construction of a wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) and the utilization of siphon sludge as fertilizer for Gracilaria sp. seaweed as a natural biofilter. The proposed improvements are expected to reduce the total EEI value by 64.6%. Work-time study also demonstrated that the newly introduced activities could be accommodated by the existing two workers, increasing labor utilization from 31% to 84% without requiring additional personnel. Payback period method also showed that the investment could be recovered in approximately 8.2 years.
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