Nugroho, Rian Aldi (2026) Model Rantai Pasok Komoditas Bahan Pangan Pokok untuk Koperasi Desa Merah Putih di Daerah Kepulauan: Studi Kasus Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 5021221007-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
5021221007-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (7MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Program Koperasi Desa/Kelurahan Merah Putih (KDMP) berpotensi meningkatkan kebutuhan distribusi komoditas pangan pokok berupa beras, minyak goreng, dan gula di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Namun demikian, kapasitas layanan transportasi laut eksisting yang dilayani oleh jaringan Tol Laut dan Perintis belum sepenuhnya mampu mengakomodasi tambahan permintaan tersebut, salah satunya terlihat pada trayek H-4 yang memiliki kekurangan kapasitas sebesar 30.466 TEU dalam satu tahun. Karena kapasitas armada eksisting tidak mencukupi, biaya logistik pada kondisi eksisting dihitung dengan mengalikan biaya operasional satu kapal pada suatu trayek dengan jumlah kapal sejenis yang dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi kekurangan kapasitas tersebut, tanpa mengubah jenis kapal maupun rute pelayaran, sehingga total biaya logistik kondisi eksisting mencapai Rp2.180.823.450.945. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan merancang model rantai pasok multimoda berbasis jaringan hub-and-spoke dengan biaya logistik minimum. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data supply-demand, perhitungan biaya transportasi darat dengan mempertimbangkan terrain factor, penentuan pelabuhan hub menggunakan algoritma K-Medoids, penyusunan jaringan distribusi hub-and-spoke, penjadwalan kapal beserta simulasi kebutuhan gudang di pelabuhan hub, serta optimasi aliran muatan menggunakan model mixed integer linear programming. Perhitungan biaya transportasi darat turut memasukkan pengaruh terrain factor sebagai faktor pengali terhadap tarif angkutan truk, sehingga biaya transportasi truk pada segmen dengan kemiringan jalan tinggi dapat meningkat dibandingkan segmen dengan kemiringan rendah. Hasil klasterisasi K-Medoids menghasilkan empat pelabuhan hub, yaitu Pelabuhan Reo, Waingapu, Larantuka, dan Kupang. Hasil penjadwalan kapal menunjukkan kebutuhan kapasitas gudang minimum sebesar 11.735 ton di Pelabuhan Hub Larantuka, 11.681 ton di Kupang, 11.228 ton di Reo, dan 10.346 ton di Waingapu. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa total biaya logistik dapat diturunkan menjadi Rp1.260.976.566.231 pada kondisi perencanaan, atau terjadi penghematan sebesar Rp919.846.884.715 (42,12%), dengan penurunan terbesar berasal dari biaya distribusi antarpelabuhan pada Tahap 3 dan 4. Perhitungan landed cost menunjukkan rata-rata biaya distribusi beras sebesar Rp15.768,35/kg, minyak goreng Rp21.183,23/kg, dan gula Rp16.708,35/kg pada seluruh KDMP di Provinsi NTT.
Kata Kunci: Koperasi Desa Merah Putih, Terrain Factor, Hub-and-spoke, K-Medoids, Optimasi Logistik, Rantai Pasok Multimoda, Transportasi Laut, Landed Cost.
=================================================================================================================================
Koperasi Desa/Kelurahan Merah Putih (KDMP) program has the potential to increase the demand for the distribution of staple food commodities, namely rice, cooking oil, and sugar, in East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT). However, the existing maritime transportation service capacity operated through the Sea Toll (Tol Laut) and Pioneer Shipping (Perintis) networks has not been fully able to accommodate this additional demand, as reflected in route H-4, which recorded a capacity shortage of 3,046 TEUs. Since the existing fleet capacity was insufficient, the existing-condition logistics cost was calculated by multiplying the operating cost of a single vessel serving a given route by the number of vessels of the same type required to cover the capacity shortfall, without changing the vessel type or the shipping route, resulting in a total existing logistics cost of IDR 2,180,823,450,945. Therefore, this study aims to design a multimodal supply chain model based on a hub-and-spoke network to distribute these commodities to KDMPs at minimum logistics cost. The research was conducted through supply-demand data collection, land transportation cost calculation incorporating a terrain factor, hub port determination using the K-Medoids algorithm, hub-and-spoke network design, vessel scheduling accompanied by a warehouse-requirement simulation at hub ports, and cargo-flow optimization using a mixed integer linear programming model. The calculation of land transportation costs incorporates a terrain factor as a multiplier of truck transportation tariffs, causing transportation costs to increase on road segments with higher road gradients relative to segments with lower gradients. The K-Medoids clustering process identified four hub ports, namely Reo, Waingapu, Larantuka, and Kupang, generating 40 alternative hub routes and 60 alternative spoke routes. The vessel scheduling results indicate a minimum warehouse capacity requirement of 11,735 tons at Larantuka Hub Port, 11,681 tons at Kupang, 11,228 tons at Reo, and 10,346 tons at Waingapu. The optimization results show that total logistics costs can be reduced to IDR 1,260,976,566,231 under the proposed scenario, yielding cost savings of IDR 919,846,884,715 (42.12%), with the largest reduction coming from inter-port distribution costs in Stages 3 and 4. The landed cost calculation shows an average distribution cost of IDR 15,768.35/kg for rice, IDR 21,183.23/kg for cooking oil, and IDR 16,708.35/kg for sugar across all KDMPs in NTT Province.
Keywords: Koperasi Desa Merah Putih (KDMP), Terrain Factor, Hub-and-spoke Network, K-Medoids, Logistics Optimization, Multimodal Supply Chain, Maritime Transportation, Landed Cost.
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |