Peran Rasio Mol Gliserol dan Etil Asetat pada Sintesis Asetin Menggunakan Katalis H2SO4 terhadap Sifat Fluiditas Biodiesel

Meriyanti, Dwi (2026) Peran Rasio Mol Gliserol dan Etil Asetat pada Sintesis Asetin Menggunakan Katalis H2SO4 terhadap Sifat Fluiditas Biodiesel. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Surplus gliserol sebagai produk samping industri biodiesel terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan produksi biodiesel global, sementara biodiesel sendiri masih memiliki kelemahan pada karakteristik alir suhu rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi peran variasi rasio mol gliserol terhadap etil asetat (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, dan 1:20) pada sintesis asetin menggunakan katalis H2SO4 terhadap distribusi monoasetin, diasetin, dan triasetin yang terbentuk, serta dampaknya terhadap sifat fluiditas biodiesel sawit. Sintesis dilakukan melalui reaksi refluks pada suhu 78°C selama 12 jam, dipantau menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis, kemudian dimurnikan melalui ekstraksi cair-cair dan evaporasi. Komposisi produk dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrometri massa, sedangkan sifat fluiditas biodiesel yang diuji meliputi cloud point, pour point, densitas, dan viskositas kinematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen tertinggi diperoleh pada rasio 1:10 sebesar 83,30%, dengan komposisi diasetin 78,63%, monoasetin 9,55%, dan triasetin 11,82%. Peningkatan rasio mol etil asetat lebih lanjut mendorong pembentukan triasetin, di mana rasio 1:20 menghasilkan triasetin tertinggi sebesar 72,40% meski dengan rendemen yang lebih rendah. Pengujian fluiditas menunjukkan bahwa penambahan asetin hasil sintesis pada rasio 1:10 dengan konsentrasi 6% v/v memberikan perbaikan paling optimal, yaitu penurunan cloud point dari 17,8°C menjadi 12,7°C dan pour point dari 13°C menjadi 9,7°C, sementara viskositas kinematik terendah sebesar 3,03 mm²/s tercapai pada konsentrasi 8% v/v. Densitas biodiesel meningkat seiring penambahan asetin namun tetap memenuhi standar SNI 7182:2015. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa rasio mol Gliserol dengan Etil Asetat (G:EA) 1:10 merupakan kondisi sintesis optimum yang menghasilkan komposisi asetin paling efektif sebagai bioaditif untuk memperbaiki kualitas cold flow biodiesel sawit.
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Glycerol surplus, a byproduct of the biodiesel industry, continues to rise in tandem with the growth of global biodiesel production, while biodiesel itself still has limitations regarding its low-temperature flow characteristics. This study aims to evaluate the role of varying molar ratios of glycerol to ethyl acetate (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20) in the synthesis of acetins using an H₂SO₄ catalyst on the distribution of the resulting monoacetins, diacetins, and triacetins, as well as their impact on the fluidity properties of palm biodiesel. The synthesis was carried out via a reflux reaction at 78°C for 12 hours, monitored using thin-layer chromatography, and then purified through liquid-liquid extraction and evaporation. The product composition was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, while the tested fluidity properties of the biodiesel included cloud point, pour point, density, and kinematic viscosity. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained at a 1:10 ratio, at 83.30%, with a composition dominated by diacetyl (78.63%), monoacetyl (9.55%), and triacetyl (11.82%). Further increasing the molar ratio of ethyl acetate promotes the formation of triacetyl, where a 1:20 ratio yielded the highest triacetyl content at 72.40%, albeit with a lower yield. Fluidity testing showed that adding the synthesized acetin at a 1:10 ratio and a concentration of 6% v/v provided the most optimal improvement, namely a decrease in the cloud point from 17.8°C to 12.7°C and the pour point from 13°C to 9.7°C, while the lowest kinematic viscosity of 3.03 mm²/s was achieved at a concentration of 8% v/v. The density of the biodiesel increased with the addition of acetin but remained within the standards of SNI 7182:2015. This study confirms that a molar ratio of glycerol to ethyl acetate (G:EA) of 1:10 is the optimal synthesis condition for producing the most effective ethyl acetate composition as a bioadditive to improve the cold flow quality of palm biodiesel.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Asetin, Biodiesel, Etil Asetat, Fluiditas, Gliserol, Transesterifikasi, Acetin, Biodiesel, Ethyl Acetate, Fluidity, Glycerol, Transesterifikasi
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Dwi Meriyanti
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 10:24
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 10:24
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143540

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