Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi Cangkang Kerang Dan Abu Sekam Padi Terhadap Kekerasan, Keausan, Dan Koefisien Gesek Kampas Rem

Amirudin, Mirza (2026) Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi Cangkang Kerang Dan Abu Sekam Padi Terhadap Kekerasan, Keausan, Dan Koefisien Gesek Kampas Rem. Other thesis, Institu Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kampas rem berbasis asbestos mulai ditinggalkan karena bersifat karsinogenik sehingga diperlukan material alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi komposisi cangkang kerang dan abu sekam padi terhadap kekerasan, keausan, dan koefisien gesek kampas rem non-asbestos serta menentukan komposisi yang paling optimal. Kampas rem dibuat dengan metode compression molding pada tekanan 15 MPa dan temperatur 160°C selama 12 menit dengan tiga variasi komposisi, yaitu S1 (50 wt.% cangkang kerang, 15 wt.% abu sekam padi), S2 (40 wt.% cangkang kerang, 25 wt.% abu sekam padi), dan S3 (30 wt.% cangkang kerang, 35 wt.% abu sekam padi). Pengujian kekerasan menggunakan metode Rockwell HRB (ASTM E18), sedangkan pengujian koefisien gesek dan keausan menggunakan metode ball-on-disk (ASTM G99). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fraksi abu sekam padi dan penurunan fraksi cangkang kerang menurunkan kekerasan dari 59 HRB (S1) menjadi 46 HRB (S3). Nilai keausan terbaik diperoleh pada S2 sebesar 6,75 × 10⁻⁷ cm³/Nm, sedangkan koefisien gesek tertinggi berada pada S2 dengan rentang steady-state 0,50–0,55. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, S2 merupakan komposisi paling optimal karena memberikan ketahanan aus terbaik, koefisien gesek tertinggi dalam rentang standar kampas rem, serta kekerasan yang masih memadai sebesar 49 HRB. Variasi komposisi cangkang kerang dan abu sekam padi terbukti memengaruhi karakteristik kampas rem non-asbestos.
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Asbestos-based brake pads have gradually been replaced due to their carcinogenic properties, creating a need for environmentally friendly alternative friction materials. This study investigates the effect of varying seashell and rice husk ash compositions on the hardness, wear rate, and coefficient of friction of non-asbestos brake pads, and determines the optimum composition. Composite brake pads were fabricated using the compression molding method at a pressure of 15 MPa and a temperature of 160°C for 12 minutes with three compositions: S1 (50 wt.% seashell, 15 wt.% rice husk ash), S2 (40 wt.% seashell, 25 wt.% rice husk ash), and S3 (30 wt.% seashell, 35 wt.% rice husk ash). Hardness was measured using the Rockwell method (ASTM E18), while the coefficient of friction and wear rate were evaluated using the ball-on-disk method (ASTM G99). The results show that increasing the rice husk ash content while decreasing the seashell content reduced the hardness from 59 HRB (S1) to 46 HRB (S3). The best wear resistance was obtained by S2, with a wear rate of 6,75 × 10⁻⁷ cm³/N·m, while the highest steady-state coefficient of friction (0.50–0.55) was also achieved by S2. Overall, S2 demonstrated the best performance by providing the highest wear resistance, the highest coefficient of friction within the acceptable range for brake pad applications, and adequate hardness (49 HRB). These results indicate that the composition of 40 wt.% seashell, 25 wt.% rice husk ash, 25 wt.% epoxy, and 10 wt.% graphite is the optimum formulation for environmentally friendly non-asbestos brake pad composites.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	kampas rem non-asbestos, cangkang kerang, abu sekam padi, epoxy, kekerasan, koefisien gesek, non-asbestos brake pad, seashell, rice husk ash, epoxy, hardness, friction coefficient.
Subjects:	T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL240.5 Composite materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Mirza Amirudin
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 08:50
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 08:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143557

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