Analisa Tingkat Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) dan Penurunan Emisi Co₂ Kapal Tanker Melalui Hull Cleaning Scheduling

Sofyan, Ahmad (2026) Analisa Tingkat Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) dan Penurunan Emisi Co₂ Kapal Tanker Melalui Hull Cleaning Scheduling. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri pelayaran telah menghadapi tuntutan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi ekonomi sekaligus memenuhi regulasi emisi karbon. Pada kapal tanker, biofouling meningkatkan kekasaran lambung dan hambatan hidrodinamika sehingga menaikkan kebutuhan daya, konsumsi bahan bakar, emisi CO₂, dan nilai CII tercapai (attained CII). Penelitian ini telah mengevaluasi pengaruh biofouling terhadap MT Mauhau sebagai representasi kelas Small Tanker dan MT Pasaman sebagai representasi kelas General Purpose (GP) Tanker, serta menentukan jadwal pembersihan lambung (hull cleaning) yang optimal dalam interval 30 bulan antara dua dry docking. Analisis kuantitatif telah mengintegrasikan pemodelan kekasaran ekuivalen, simulasi CFD berbasis NUMECA, konversi hambatan menjadi daya, estimasi konsumsi bahan bakar, perhitungan emisi CO₂ dan CII, serta optimasi diskrit. Skenario tanpa, satu kali, dan dua kali pembersihan lambung telah dievaluasi dengan window time operasional maksimum 15 hari dalam periode 30 bulan. Model Small Tanker telah divalidasi terhadap data empiris yang dinormalisasi dengan MAPE sebesar 6,50%, sedangkan model GP Tanker telah dikalibrasi menggunakan data teknis dan operasional. Pada kekasaran ekuivalen 6.000 µm, hambatan kapal bermuatan meningkat sebesar 50,11% pada Small Tanker dan 39,30% pada GP Tanker. Jadwal optimal dua kali pembersihan pada bulan ke-10 dan ke-20 telah menghemat 143,91 ton dan 504,63 ton bahan bakar, menurunkan emisi CO₂ sebesar 461,36 ton dan 1.571,43 ton, serta menghasilkan estimasi manfaat bersih sebesar Rp1,112 miliar dan Rp3,490 miliar. Nilai CII tercapai juga menurun dari 13,202 menjadi 11,470 pada Small Tanker dan dari 5,918 menjadi 5,202 pada GP Tanker, dengan peringkat CII tetap A. Hasil penelitian mengonfirmasi bahwa hull cleaning menurunkan konsumsi bahan bakar dan emisi CO₂ serta memperbaiki kinerja CII. Oleh karena itu, pembersihan lambung direkomendasikan pada bulan ke-10 dan ke-20 setelah pengedokan awal.
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The shipping industry has faced demands to improve economic efficiency while complying with carbon-intensity regulations. In tankers, biofouling increases hull roughness and hydrodynamic resistance, thereby raising power demand, fuel consumption, CO₂ emissions, and the attained Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII). This study evaluated the effects of biofouling on MT Mauhau, representing the Small Tanker class, and MT Pasaman, representing the General Purpose (GP) Tanker class, and determined an optimal hull-cleaning schedule over a 30-month interval between two dry-docking events. The quantitative analysis integrated equivalent-roughness modelling, NUMECA based CFD simulations, resistance-to-power conversion, fuel-consumption estimation, CO₂-emission and CII calculations, and discrete optimization. Scenarios involving no cleaning, one cleaning, and two cleanings were evaluated within a maximum operational window of 15 days over a 30-month period. The Small Tanker model was validated against normalized empirical data with a MAPE of 6.50%, while the GP Tanker model was calibrated using engineering and operational data. At an equivalent roughness of 6,000 µm, laden resistance increased by 50.11% for the Small Tanker and 39.30% for the GP Tanker. The optimal two-cleaning schedule in months 10 and 20 saved 143.91 and 504.63 tonnes of fuel, reduced CO₂ emissions by 461.36 and 1,571.43 tonnes, and generated estimated net benefits of IDR 1.112 billion and IDR 3.490 billion. The attained CII decreased from 13.202 to 11.470 for the Small Tanker and from 5.918 to 5.202 for the GP Tanker, while both vessels retained CII rating A. The findings confirmed that hull cleaning reduced fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions and improved CII performance. Therefore, hull cleaning was recommended in months 10 and 20 after the initial docking.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Subjects:	V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM163 Hulls (Naval architecture) V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM276.A1 Fuel (Including supplies, costs, etc.) V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM731 Marine Engines V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM751 Resistance and propulsion of ships
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36101-(S2) Master Theses
Depositing User:	Ahmad Sofyan
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 07:59
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 07:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143677

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