Analisis Optimasi Temperatur B40 terhadap Kesempurnaan Pembakaran, Performance, dan Karakteristik Emisi pada Mesin Diesel Kapal Tanker

Mulyono, Mulyono (2026) Analisis Optimasi Temperatur B40 terhadap Kesempurnaan Pembakaran, Performance, dan Karakteristik Emisi pada Mesin Diesel Kapal Tanker. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan penggunaan biodiesel di sektor pelayaran merupakan bagian dari upaya dekarbonisasi transportasi laut. Biodiesel B40, campuran 40% biodiesel dan 60% diesel fosil, berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan bakar kapal tanker, namun memiliki viskositas lebih tinggi dibandingkan solar konvensional yang dapat memengaruhi proses injeksi, kualitas atomisasi, performa mesin, serta karakteristik emisi gas buang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan menentukan temperatur optimal bahan bakar B40 melalui sistem fuel heater guna meningkatkan kualitas atomisasi, performa, dan pengendalian emisi pada mesin diesel kapal tanker. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif eksperimental. Karakterisasi bahan bakar B40 dilakukan melalui uji laboratorium terakreditasi KAN (Oil Clinic – Pertamina Lubricants, Report No. J06489/PL1610/TR/2026-S2). Pengaruh temperatur terhadap kualitas atomisasi dievaluasi melalui uji semprotan injektor (paper spray test) pada rentang suhu tidak dipanaskan hingga 55°C. Pengujian performa dan emisi dilaksanakan pada mesin diesel kapal Yanmar TF85MHDI pada 2.000 RPM dengan empat variasi beban dan tiga kondisi temperatur bahan bakar (tidak dipanaskan, 45°C, dan 50°C). Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi viskositas, diameter dan kesimetrisan pola semprotan, daya efektif, specific fuel consumption (SFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), serta emisi NOx, CO₂, dan smoke opacity. Uji ketahanan (endurance test) selama 200 jam juga dilaksanakan untuk mengevaluasi keandalan operasional B40 dalam jangka panjang. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan seluruh parameter B40 memenuhi spesifikasi Dirjen Migas No.384.K/MG.06/DJM/2024, dengan viskositas kinematik 4,185 mm²/s pada 40°C, densitas 855,7 kg/m³, cetane index 56,2, dan flash point 82°C. Pemanasan bahan bakar meningkatkan kualitas atomisasi secara signifikan, dengan pola semprotan terlebar, paling simetris, dan paling merata dicapai pada 45°C (diameter 20 mm). Pada kondisi 45°C, BTE meningkat hingga 0,90 poin persen pada beban 100% dan SFC menurun 3,04% pada beban 50% dibandingkan kondisi tidak dipanaskan, dengan emisi NOx terendah pada beban rendah sebesar 301 ppm (turun 22,8% dibanding tidak dipanaskan). Uji ketahanan 200 jam menunjukkan mesin mampu beroperasi stabil tanpa kegagalan mekanis. Berdasarkan integrasi hasil atomisasi, performa, dan emisi, temperatur operasional optimal bahan bakar B40 untuk mesin yang diuji adalah 45°C dengan rentang yang direkomendasikan 45–50°C.
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The increasing use of biodiesel in the shipping sector is part of the effort to decarbonize maritime transport. B40 biodiesel has the potential to be used as a tanker fuel, but it has a higher viscosity than conventional diesel, which can affect the injection process, atomization quality, combustion completeness, engine performance, and exhaust-gas emission characteristics. This research aims to analyze and determine the optimal temperature of B40 fuel through a fuel-heater system in order to improve atomization quality, performance, and emission control in marine tanker diesel engines. The research applies a quantitative approach with an experimental design. The B40 characterization was carried out through a KAN-accredited laboratory test (Oil Clinic – Pertamina Lubricants, Report No. J06489/PL1610/TR/2026-S2). The effect of temperature on atomization quality was evaluated through an injector spray test (paper spray test) over a range from unheated to 55°C, while performance and emissions were tested on a Yanmar TF85MH-DI marine diesel engine at 2,000 RPM with four load variations and three fuel-temperature conditions (unheated, 45°C, and 50°C). The analyzed parameters include viscosity, the diameter and symmetry of the spray pattern, brake power, specific fuel consumption (SFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and NOx, CO₂, and smoke-opacity emissions. The test results show that all B40 parameters meet the specifications of Dirjen Migas No. 384.K/MG.06/DJM/2024, with a kinematic viscosity of 4.185 mm²/s at 40°C, a density of 855.7 kg/m³, a cetane index of 56.2, and a flash point of 82°C. Fuel preheating improves atomization quality: the widest, most symmetric, and most evenly distributed spray pattern is achieved at 45°C. At 45°C, the BTE increases by up to 0.90 percentage points at 100% load and the SFC decreases by 3.04% at 50% load compared with the unheated condition, with the lowest NOx emission at low load (301 ppm). Based on the integration of the atomization, performance, and emission results, the optimal operating temperature of B40 fuel for the tested engine is 45°C, with a recommended operating range of 45–50°C.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel B40, Kapal Tanker, Pemanas Bahan Bakar, Viskositas Bahan Bakar, Kualitas Atomisasi, Kinerja Mesin, Emisi Gas Buang, Mesin Diesel.
Subjects:	V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM276.A1 Fuel (Including supplies, costs, etc.) V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM731 Marine Engines
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36101-(S2) Master Theses
Depositing User:	Mulyono Mulyono
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 01:08
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 01:08
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143696

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