Pengaruh Variasi Asam dan pH Pengendapan Mg(OH)2 terhadap Efisiensi Pelindian dan Presipitasi Nikel dari Bijih Laterit

Fahri, Fahri Husain (2026) Pengaruh Variasi Asam dan pH Pengendapan Mg(OH)2 terhadap Efisiensi Pelindian dan Presipitasi Nikel dari Bijih Laterit. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Bijih laterit merupakan salah satu sumber utama nikel yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku industri logam dan baterai. Namun, rendahnya kadar nikel serta keberadaan unsur pengotor pada bijih laterit menjadi tantangan dalam proses ekstraksi nikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan asam klorida (HCl) dan asam nitrat (HNO3) dengan variasi konsentrasi 1, 3, 5, dan 7 M terhadap Ni Terlarut (%) pada proses pelindian, serta mengkaji pengaruh variasi pH pengendapan magnesium hidroksida (Mg(OH)2) pada pH 10, 11, dan 12 terhadap Ni Terendapkan (%) dan Perolehan Akhir Ni (%) melalui proses presipitasi hidrolitik. Karakterisasi bijih dilakukan menggunakan X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Proses pelindian dilakukan pada suhu 70°C selama 5 jam dengan kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm, sedangkan kadar nikel dalam filtrat dianalisis menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Magnesium hidroksida disintesis dari MgCl2 menggunakan larutan NaOH 2 M pada variasi pH pengendapan 10, 11, dan 12, kemudian digunakan sebagai agen presipitasi hingga pH larutan mencapai pH 8. Endapan hasil presipitasi selanjutnya dilindi menggunakan H2SO4 1 M selama 15 menit untuk menentukan kandungan nikel yang masih tersisa pada endapan. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa bijih laterit mengandung Fe sebesar 87,645% dan Ni sebesar 2,515%. Peningkatan konsentrasi HCl maupun HNO3 meningkatkan Ni Terlarut (%), dengan nilai tertinggi diperoleh pada penggunaan HCl 7 M sebesar 65,58% dengan konsentrasi nikel terlarut 18,125 ppm, sedangkan pada penggunaan HNO3 7 M diperoleh Ni Terlarut (%) sebesar 37,02% dengan konsentrasi nikel terlarut 10,250 ppm. Variasi pH pengendapan Mg(OH)2 memengaruhi proses presipitasi nikel, di mana penggunaan Mg(OH)2 dengan pH pengendapan 10 memberikan hasil terbaik. Pada filtrat hasil pelindian HCl diperoleh Ni Terendapkan (%) sebesar 30,41% dan Perolehan Akhir Ni (%) sebesar 19,94%, sedangkan pada filtrat hasil pelindian HNO3 diperoleh Ni Terendapkan (%) sebesar 38,23% dan Perolehan Akhir Ni (%) sebesar 11,25%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa HCl memiliki kemampuan pelindian nikel yang lebih baik dibandingkan HNO3, sedangkan penggunaan Mg(OH)2 dengan pH pengendapan 10 memberikan hasil presipitasi terbaik pada rentang kondisi penelitian
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Laterite ore is one of the primary sources of nickel widely utilized as a raw material in the metallurgical and battery industries. However, the low nickel content and the presence of impurity elements in laterite ore pose challenges to the nickel extraction process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) at concentrations of 1, 3, 5, and 7 M on Dissolved Nickel (%) during the leaching process, as well as the effect of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) precipitation pH at 10, 11, and 12 on Precipitated Nickel (%) and Final Nickel Recovery (%) through the hydrolitic precipitation process. Ore characterization was carried out using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The leaching process was conducted at 70oC for 5 hours with a stirring speed of 300 rpm, while the nickel concentration in the leachate was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Magnesium hydroxide was synthesized from MgCl2 using 2 M NaOH at precipitation pH values of 10, 11, and 12, and subsequently used as the precipitation agent until the solution reached pH 8. The resulting precipitate was re-leached using 1 M H2SO4 for 15 minutes to determine the nickel remaining in the precipitate. Characterization results showed that the laterite ore contained 87.645% Fe and 2.515% Ni. Increasing the concentration of both HCl and HNO3 increased the Dissolved Nickel (%), with the highest value obtained using 7 M HCl at 65.58%, corresponding to a dissolved nickel concentration of 18.12 ppm, while the highest value for 7 M HNO3 was 37.02%, corresponding to a dissolved nickel concentration of 10.25 ppm. The precipitation pH of Mg(OH)2 affected the nickel precipitation process, with Mg(OH)2 prepared at precipitation pH 10 providing the best performance. For the HCl leachate, the highest Precipitated Nickel (%) and Final Nickel Recovery (%) were 30.41% and 19.94%, respectively. For the HNO3 leachate, the corresponding values were 38.23% and 11.25%, respectively. The results indicate that HCl exhibited better nickel leaching performance than HNO3, while Mg(OH)2 prepared at precipitation pH 10 produced the best precipitation performance within the investigated experimental conditions

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	bijih laterit, pelindian, Mg(OH)2, presipitasi hidrolitik, nikel. laterite ore, leaching, Mg(OH)2, hydrolitic precipitation, nickel.
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63 Extraction
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Fahri Husaini Sb
Date Deposited:	07 Aug 2026 03:44
Last Modified:	07 Aug 2026 03:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143717

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