Yulikasari, Andriyan (2026) Kajian Integrasi Fitoteknologi dan Nanopartikel Dalam Aplikasi Phytomining Logam Pada Red Mud. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Red mud adalah residu padat yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan bauksit menjadi alumina, diproduksi dalam jumlah besar dan memiliki sifat alkalinitas tinggi serta mengandung logam kritis seperti vanadium (V), kromium (Cr), dan skandium (Sc). Timbunan red mud berpotensi mencemari lingkungan melalui pelindian logam, namun juga memiliki nilai ekonomi sebagai sumber logam kritis. Phytomining adalah pendekatan ramah lingkungan untuk memulihkan logam dengan mengakumulasi dalam biomassa tanaman sehingga dapat digunakan kembali. Efektivitas teknologi ini bergantung pada kemampuan tanaman menyerap dan mentranslokasikan logam, yang dapat ditingkatkan dengan aplikasi nanopartikel. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis kemampuan spesies tumbuhan dalam phytomining logam dari red mud, (2) mengkaji pengaruh aplikasi magnesium oxide nanopartikel (MgO-NPs) terhadap proses phytomining, (3) menjelaskan mekanisme transportasi logam dan nanopartikel dalam jaringan tanaman, serta (4) mengevaluasi efektivitas aplikasi MgO-NPs pada phytomining skala pilot. Penelitian dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dan skala pilot. Tahapan penelitian mencakup karakterisasi red mud, penapisan spesies tanaman, propagasi dan aklimatisasi tanaman, uji toksisitas, serta eksperimen phytomining dengan dan tanpa penambahan MgO-NPs. Karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan mineralogi media dianalisis menggunakan SEM-EDX, XRD, dan XRF, sementara kandungan logam pada media dan jaringan tanaman ditentukan menggunakan ICP-OES. Fraksi logam dievaluasi melalui ekstraksi bertahap, sedangkan parameter pertumbuhan tanaman, kandungan klorofil, biomassa, lipid peroksidasi digunakan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas proses phytomining. Mekanisme penyerapan dan translokasi logam dianalisis berdasarkan perubahan bioavailabilitas logam, distribusi logam dalam jaringan tanaman, serta respons fisiologis tanaman melalui analisis mikroskopis selama proses phytomining. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa red mud memiliki pH tinggi (>9), kandungan bahan organik rendah (2,17%), dan didominasi oleh mineral hematit, goetit, gibbsit, serta kuarsa. Berdasarkan penapisan, Tradescantia pallida dan Dracaena fragrans dipilih sebagai spesies yang paling toleran terhadap media red mud. Aplikasi MgO-NPs meningkatkan akumulasi Cr dan Sc pada kedua spesies, tetapi menurunkan akumulasi V (dari 477,48 mg/kg menjadi 290,07 mg/kg di T. pallida dan dari 281,62 mg/kg menjadi 216,34 mg/kg di D. fragrans). Pada T. pallida, akumulasi Cr dan Sc meningkat masing-masing dari 26,07 mg/kg menjadi 77,86 mg/kg dan dari 7,97 mg/kg menjadi 34,72 mg/kg, sedangkan pada D. fragrans peningkatan mencapai 69,20 mg/kg dan 33,79 mg/kg untuk Cr dan Sc. Analisis mekanisme menunjukkan MgO-NPs meningkatkan bioavailabilitas Cr dan Sc melalui transformasi spesiasi logam ke fraksi mudah diserap, mempertahankan biomassa, meningkatkan stabilitas fisiologis, dan memodifikasi translokasi antarjaringan. Pada skala laboratorium, V, Cr, dan Sc meningkat masing-masing menjadi 0,124%, 0,109%, dan 0,451%, sedangkan skala pilot menjadi 0,034%, 0,025%, dan 0,084%. Meskipun terjadi penurunan bioavailabilitas logam, BCF, TF, dan efisiensi ekstraksi pada skala pilot akibat heterogenitas media dan rendahnya mobilitas logam pada red mud, respons tanaman tetap konsisten. Studi ini menunjukkan aplikasi MgO-NPs pada proses phytomining meningkatkan pemulihan V, Cr, dan Sc dari red mud, dengan T. pallida sebagai tumbuhan paling potensial. Meski efisiensi turun pada skala pilot, teknologi ini dapat dioptimalkan secara berkelanjutan.
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Red mud is a solid residue generated from the processing of bauxite into alumina, produced in large quantities and characterized by high alkalinity as well as containing critical metals such as vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), and scandium (Sc). Red mud stockpiles have the potential to contaminate the environment through metal leaching, but they also hold economic value as a source of critical metals. Phytomining is an environmentally friendly approach to recover metals by accumulating them in plant biomass so they can be reutilized. The effectiveness of this technology depends on the ability of plants to uptake and translocate metals, which can be enhanced by the application of nanoparticles. Therefore, this study aims to (1) analyze the ability of plant species for phytomining metals from red mud, (2) assess the influence of magnesium oxide nanoparticle (MgO-NPs) application on the phytomining process, (3) evaluate the mechanisms of metal and nanoparticle transport in plant tissues, and (4) evaluate the effectiveness of MgO-NPs application in pilot-scale phytomining. Research was conducted at both laboratory and pilot scales. The research stages included red mud characterization, plant species screening, plant propagation and acclimatization, toxicity testing, as well as phytomining experiments with and without the addition of MgO-NPs. The physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of the media were analyzed using SEM-EDX, XRD, and XRF, while metal content in the media and plant tissues were determined using ICP-OES. Metal fractions were evaluated through sequential extraction, whereas plant growth parameters, chlorophyll content, biomass, and lipid peroxidation were used to assess the effectiveness of the phytomining process. The mechanisms of metal uptake and translocation were analyzed based on changes in metal bioavailability, metal distribution within plant tissues, and plant physiological responses through microscopic analysis during the phytomining process. The research results indicate that red mud has a high pH (>9), low organic matter content (2.17%), and is dominated by the minerals hematite, goethite, gibbsite, and quartz. Based on screening, Tradescantia pallida and Dracaena fragrans were selected as the species most tolerant to red mud media. Application of MgO-NPs increased the accumulation of Cr and Sc in both species but reduced the accumulation of V (from 477.48 mg/kg to 290.07 mg/kg in T. pallida and from 281.62 mg/kg to 216.34 mg/kg in D. fragrans). In T. pallida, the accumulation of Cr and Sc increased from 26.07 mg/kg to 77.86 mg/kg and from 7.97 mg/kg to 34.72 mg/kg, respectively, while in D. fragrans the increase reached 69.20 mg/kg and 33.79 mg/kg for Cr and Sc. Mechanism analysis showed that MgO-NPs enhanced the bioavailability of Cr and Sc by transforming metal speciation to more mobile fractions, maintaining biomass, improving physiological stability, and modifying inter-tissue translocation. At the laboratory scale, the recovery efficiency of V, Cr, and Sc increased to 0.124%, 0.109%, and 0.451%, respectively, while at the pilot scale, these efficiencies decreased to 0.034%, 0.025%, and 0.084%. Although scale-up reduced metal bioavailability, BCF, TF, and extraction efficiency due to media heterogeneity and the low mobility of metals in red mud, plant responses remained consistent. This study demonstrates that the application of MgO-NPs in the phytomining process enhances the recovery of V, Cr, and Sc from red mud, with T. pallida as the most promising plant. Although efficiency decreased at the pilot scale, this technology can be continuously optimized.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bioavailabilitas logam; Logam kritis; Magnesium oxide nanopartikel; Phytomining; Red mud. Critical metals; Magnesium oxide nanoparticles; Metal bioavailability; Phytomining; Red mud. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.75 Phytoremediation. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD878.47 Soil remediation T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN693.M3 Magnesium T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248 Nanogels. Nanoparticles. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Andriyan Yulikasari |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Aug 2026 00:27 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Aug 2026 00:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/144392 |
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