Oktavitri, Nur Indradewi (2008) Analisis Manajemen Risiko Lingkungan Limbah Berbahan Berbahaya Dan Beracun (B3) Berdasarkan Penilaian Risiko Dengan Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) (Studi Kasus: Lumpur B3 PT. A Dan PT. B). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.
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Abstract
Risiko lingkungan adalah probabilitas terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan yang dapat menghambat kinerja perusahaan dalam mencapai tujuannya. Kondisi tersebut juga dapat disebabkan oleh ketidakmampuan perusahaan dalam mengelola limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan manajemen risiko lingkungan untuk mengelola limbah B3. Salah satu jenis limbah B3 adalah lumpur yang dihasilkan dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) yang mengolah air limbah B3. Pengolahan yang disarankan untuk lumpur B3 ini adalah proses solidifikasi menggunakan semen, dengan produk akhirnya berupa paving block. Banyak penelitian, seperti Herman et al. (2006) dan Ramanathan (2001), membahas mengenai manajemen risiko lingkungan, terutama penilaian risiko dengan berbagai kriteria dampak lingkungan menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Namun, AHP memiliki kelemahan karena tidak mempertimbangkan adanya ketidakpastian, padahal Poper (2006) mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat ketidakpastian dalam risiko lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, Fenton dan Wang (2006) menyarankan penggunaan pendekatan fuzzy untuk mengatasi keterbatasan AHP. Penelitian ini dapat membantu PT. A dan PT. B dalam mengelola risiko lingkungan yang berkaitan dengan lumpur B3 dari IPAL yang pengolahannya menggunakan proses solidifikasi dengan semen, sehingga kedua perusahaan dapat mencapai tujuan lingkungannya, yaitu menerapkan pengembangan berkelanjutan dalam mengelola dampak lingkungan. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini adalah sistem pengelolaan lumpur B3 yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu key performance indicator (KPI), karakteristik lumpur, produktivitas lumpur, dan ketersediaan lahan. Hasil identifikasi risiko pada sistem menunjukkan adanya lima risiko, yaitu lumpur tumpah saat penyimpanan dan pengiriman, paving block rusak saat penyimpanan, pengiriman, dan pemanfaatan. Berdasarkan penilaian risiko dengan Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), diketahui bahwa risiko paving block rusak saat pemanfaatan memiliki nilai risiko berdasarkan dampak yang paling besar, yaitu sebesar 0,7 pada rentang nilai risiko 0–1. Sementara itu, berdasarkan penilaian probabilitas risiko melalui brainstorming dengan pihak perusahaan, nilai probabilitas untuk kelima risiko pada rentang 0–1 menunjukkan bahwa PT. B memiliki probabilitas di bawah 0,2. Pada PT. A, risiko lumpur tumpah saat penyimpanan dan pengiriman serta paving block rusak saat pemanfaatan memiliki nilai probabilitas di bawah 0,2. Sementara itu, risiko paving block rusak saat penyimpanan memiliki probabilitas sebesar 0,5 dan risiko paving block rusak saat pengiriman memiliki probabilitas sebesar 0,3. Hasil pemetaan risiko menunjukkan bahwa risiko lumpur tumpah saat penyimpanan dan pengiriman serta paving block rusak saat penyimpanan dan pengiriman merupakan risiko rendah, sedangkan risiko paving block rusak saat pemanfaatan merupakan risiko signifikan. Berdasarkan Root Cause Analysis (RCA), diketahui bahwa seluruh risiko dalam pengelolaan lumpur B3 disebabkan oleh faktor teknis dan faktor manusia.
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Environmental risk is the probability of environmental damage that may hinder a company's performance in achieving its objectives. This condition may also result from the company's inability to properly manage hazardous and toxic waste. Therefore, environmental risk management is required to manage hazardous waste. One type of hazardous waste is sludge generated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) that treats hazardous wastewater. The recommended treatment method for this hazardous sludge is solidification using cement, with paving blocks as the final product. Several studies, such as Herman et al. (2006) and Ramanathan (2001), have discussed environmental risk management, particularly risk assessment based on various environmental impact criteria using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). However, AHP has a limitation because it does not consider uncertainty, whereas Poper (2006) identified uncertainty as one of the characteristics of environmental risk. Therefore, Fenton and Wang (2006) suggested the use of a fuzzy approach to overcome the limitations of AHP. This research can assist PT. A and PT. B in managing environmental risks associated with hazardous sludge generated from their wastewater treatment plants and treated through cement-based solidification. Through this approach, both companies can achieve their environmental objectives by implementing sustainable development practices to manage environmental impacts. The scope of this research covers the hazardous sludge management system, which is influenced by several factors, namely key performance indicators (KPIs), sludge characteristics, sludge productivity, and land availability. The risk identification process identified five risks, namely sludge spillage during storage and transportation, and damaged paving blocks during storage, transportation, and utilization. Based on the risk assessment using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), the risk of damaged paving blocks during utilization had the highest impact-based risk value, with a value of 0.7 on a risk scale ranging from 0 to 1. Meanwhile, based on the risk probability assessment obtained through brainstorming with the companies, the probability values for the five identified risks on a scale of 0 to 1 showed that PT. B had probabilities below 0.2 for all risks. For PT. A, the risks of sludge spillage during storage and transportation and damaged paving blocks during utilization had probability values below 0.2. Meanwhile, the probability of damaged paving blocks during storage was 0.5, while the probability of damaged paving blocks during transportation was 0.3. The risk mapping results indicate that sludge spillage during storage and transportation and damaged paving blocks during storage and transportation are low risks, whereas damaged paving blocks during utilization represent a significant risk. Based on the Root Cause Analysis (RCA), all risks associated with hazardous sludge management were found to be caused by technical and human factors.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTI 658.155 Okt a |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Manajemen risiko lingkungan, Pengelolaan lumpur B3,fuzzy AHP, Environmental risk management; hazardous sludge management; Fufzy-AHP |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD61 Risk Management |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | magang . |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Sep 2026 01:35 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Sep 2026 01:35 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/145002 |
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