Pra Desain Pabrik Fraksinasi Lignoselulosa dari Sabut Kelapa dengan Metode Steam Explosion

Nurmalasari, Mega Putri and Qatrunada, Iffat Rizki (2022) Pra Desain Pabrik Fraksinasi Lignoselulosa dari Sabut Kelapa dengan Metode Steam Explosion. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pabrik fraksinasi lignoselulosa dilakukan dengan metode steam explosion dengan proses delignifikasi menggunakan NaOH. Pabrik fraksinasi lignoselulosa ini direncanakan untuk berjalan dengan kapasitas 33.000 ton/tahun sepanjang 330 hari per tahun. Pabrik ini diharapkan akan menghasilkan produk berupa selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri. Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam proses fraksinasi lignoselulosa adalah sabut kelapa. Pabrik ini direncanakan akan dibangun di Provinsi Riau. Hal ini telah dipertimbangkan melalui beberapa aspek, di antaranya adalah ketersediaan bahan baku, sumber energi dan listrik, sumber tenaga kerja, aksesibilitas dan fasilitas transportasi, serta iklim dan topografi. Proses steam explosion dilakukan dengan cara mengalirkan steam pada suhu 213°C dan tekanan 20 bar selama 10 menit, kemudian tekanan diturunkan menjadi 1 bar. Sehingga, pada proses penurunan tekanan menjadi 1 bar terjadi dekompresi mendadak yang menyebabkan ikatan makrofibril pada lignoselulosa terputus menjadi hemiselulosa dan selulignin. Pada proses delignifikasi menggunakan NaOH 17,5% untuk memutus ikatan lignin dan selulosa. Lignin dalam bentuk black liquor akan diendapkan dengan penambahan H₂SO₄.
Dari studi evaluasi ekonomi pabrik ini, disimpulkan bahwa didapatkan penaksiran modal (CAPEX) sebesar Rp815.241.817.200 dan biaya operasional (OPEX) sebesar Rp469.524.339.063. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik fraksinasi lignoselulosa dari sabut kelapa dengan kapasitas 33.000 ton/tahun berisiko rendah dan layak secara ekonomis. Berdasarkan kondisi operasi serta sifat-sifat bahan baku dan produk, pabrik fraksinasi lignoselulosa dari sabut kelapa dengan metode steam explosion ini tergolong pabrik berisiko rendah. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi terhadap pabrik ini, laju pengembalian modal (IRR) didapatkan sebesar 14% dengan bunga pinjaman 8,5% per tahun. Waktu pengembalian modal (POT) selama 7 tahun 4 bulan. Break Even Point (BEP) adalah 38,03%. NPV yang didapatkan juga bernilai positif, yaitu Rp440.785.670.529. Dari data analisis kelayakan di atas, disimpulkan bahwa pabrik ini menguntungkan dan layak untuk didirikan.
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Lignocellulose fractionation plant is carried out using the steam explosion method with a delignification process using NaOH. This lignocellulose fractionation plant is planned to operate with a capacity of 33,000 tons/year for 330 days per year. The plant is expected to produce cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin to meet domestic needs. The raw material used in the lignocellulose fractionation process is coconut fiber. The plant is planned to be built in Riau Province. This location has been considered based on several aspects, including the availability of raw materials, energy and electricity sources, labor availability, accessibility and transportation facilities, as well as climate and topography. The steam explosion process is carried out by flowing steam at a temperature of 213°C and a pressure of 20 bar for 10 minutes, after which the pressure is reduced to 1 bar. Thus, during the pressure reduction to 1 bar, sudden decompression occurs, causing the bonds in the macrofibrils of lignocellulose to break down into hemicellulose and cellulignin. The delignification process uses 17.5% NaOH to break the bonds between lignin and cellulose. Lignin in the form of black liquor will be precipitated by the addition of H₂SO₄.
From the economic evaluation study of this plant, it was concluded that the estimated capital expenditure (CAPEX) amounted to Rp815,241,817,200, while the operating expenditure (OPEX) amounted to Rp469,524,339,063. Based on the economic analysis, it can be concluded that the lignocellulose fractionation plant from coconut fiber with a capacity of 33,000 tons/year is considered low-risk and economically feasible. Based on the operating conditions and the properties of the raw materials and products, the lignocellulose fractionation plant using the steam explosion method is classified as a low-risk plant. Based on the economic analysis of this plant, the internal rate of return (IRR) is 14% with a loan interest rate of 8.5% per year. The payback period (POT) is 7 years and 4 months. The Break-Even Point (BEP) is 38.03%. The NPV obtained is also positive, amounting to Rp440,785,670,529. Based on the feasibility analysis above, it can be concluded that the plant is profitable and feasible to establish.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	662.88 Nur p-1
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Delignifikasi, Fraksinasi, Lignoselulosa, Sabut Kelapa, Steam Explosion , Coconut Coir, Delignification, Fractionation, Lignocellulose, Steam Explosion
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	magang .
Date Deposited:	30 Sep 2026 02:47
Last Modified:	30 Sep 2026 02:47
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/145065

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