Fraksinasi Bertingkat Lignoselulosa dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Metode Steam Explosion dan Hydrotropic Extraction

Baiti, Aulia Alif Nur and Fachorrozi, Mochammad (2022) Fraksinasi Bertingkat Lignoselulosa dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Metode Steam Explosion dan Hydrotropic Extraction. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

[thumbnail of 02211840000008_02211840000060-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf] Text
02211840000008_02211840000060-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf
Restricted to Repository staff only

Download (2MB)

Abstract

Kebutuhan energi yang terus meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi, penduduk, harga energi, dan kebijakan pemerintah dalam memenuhi kebutuhan di berbagai sektor. Menurut data BPPT Outlook Energi 2020, diketahui bahwa energi fosil merupakan penyumbang energi terbesar, yakni sebesar 569 juta SBM. Bioetanol yang diproduksi dari biomassa lignoselulosa pada umumnya berasal dari bahan pangan. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu, konversi bahan pangan menjadi salah satu kendala karena bersaing dengan kebutuhan pangan global. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkan bioetanol yang berasal dari limbah biomassa non-pangan. Biomassa lignoselulosa tersebut seperti tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), tongkol jagung, dan jerami. Biomassa lignoselulosa TKKS mengandung selulosa sebanyak 52,08% dan hemiselulosa sebanyak 28,91% sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Lignoselulosa akan difraksinasi terlebih dahulu menjadi hemiselulosa dan selulosa. Secara garis besar, proses dilakukan dengan metode steam explosion dan hydrotropic extraction. Steam explosion dilakukan dengan mencuci dan mereduksi ukuran TKKS, kemudian dikontakkan dengan steam bertekanan tinggi untuk memecah struktur lignoselulosa dan membuat hemiselulosa menjadi larut dalam air. Sedangkan tahap hydrotropic extraction dilakukan untuk memisahkan lignin dari padatan yang telah melalui proses pre-treatment menggunakan pelarut hidrotropik, yaitu sodium xylene sulfonate. Setelah melalui tahap hydrotropic extraction, padatan dipisahkan dari larutan hidrotropik pada tahap separasi selulosa sehingga didapatkan padatan selulosa dengan kandungan lignin yang rendah.

Rencana lokasi pendirian pabrik ini ialah di Kawasan Industri Dumai, Riau karena sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan, yaitu ketersediaan bahan baku, lokasi pemasaran, aksesibilitas dan fasilitas transportasi, sumber energi listrik dan air, iklim dan topografi, sumber tenaga kerja, serta hukum dan peraturan daerah yang berlaku. Pabrik ini rencananya akan mulai dibangun pada tahun 2023 dan pengadaan alat akan dilakukan pada tahun yang sama dengan modal sendiri sebesar 30% dari biaya investasi dan modal pinjaman sebesar 70% dari investasi dengan bunga sebesar 8,25%. Maka, nilai NPV sebesar Rp 47.675.417 atau Rp 684.799.761.561, nilai Internal Rate of Return sebesar 23,03%, dengan Pay Out Time pada tahun 2029 dan BEP sebesar 18,86%.
================================================================================================================================
Energy needs continue to increase along with economic growth, population growth, energy prices, and government policies aimed at meeting the needs of various sectors. According to the BPPT Energy Outlook 2020 data, fossil energy is the largest contributor to energy supply, amounting to 569 million BOE. Bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass generally comes from food-based materials. However, over time, the conversion of food materials has become one of the challenges because it competes with global food needs. Therefore, bioethanol is being developed from non-food biomass waste. Lignocellulosic biomass includes oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), corn cobs, and straw. OPEFB lignocellulosic biomass contains 52.08% cellulose and 28.91% hemicellulose, which can be used as raw materials for bioethanol production. Lignocellulose is first fractionated into hemicellulose and cellulose. In general, the process is carried out using steam explosion and hydrotropic extraction methods. Steam explosion is carried out by washing and reducing the size of OPEFB, followed by contacting it with high-pressure steam to break down the lignocellulose structure and dissolve the hemicellulose in water. Meanwhile, the hydrotropic extraction step is carried out to separate lignin from the solids that have undergone the pre-treatment process using a hydrotropic solvent, namely sodium xylene sulfonate. After the hydrotropic extraction stage, the solids are separated from the hydrotropic solution during the cellulose separation stage to obtain cellulose solids with low lignin content.

The planned location for the establishment of this factory is in the Dumai Industrial Estate, Riau, because it meets the predetermined criteria, namely the availability of raw materials, proximity to the marketing area, accessibility and transportation facilities, sources of electricity and water, climate and topography, availability of labor, and applicable local laws and regulations. This factory is planned to start construction in 2023, with equipment procurement carried out in the same year. The investment will consist of 30% equity capital and 70% loan capital, with an interest rate of 8.25%. The NPV is Rp47,675,417 or Rp684,799,761,561, the Internal Rate of Return is 23.03%, with a Pay Out Time in 2029 and a BEP of 18.86%.

Item Type: Thesis (Other)
Additional Information: 660.284 25 Bai f-1
Uncontrolled Keywords: Hydrotropic extraction, Steam explosion, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit , Empty Fruit Bunch, Hydrotropic extraction, Steam explosi
Subjects: T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions.
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: magang .
Date Deposited: 30 Sep 2026 08:00
Last Modified: 30 Sep 2026 08:00
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/145099

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item