Kahar, Abdul (2017) Perpindahan Massa Fase Cair Pada Pengolahan Lindi Tpa Sampah Kota Dalam Bioreaktor Anaerobik. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Lindi TPA sampah kota merupakan limbah cair heterogen yang
mengandung substrat organik dan anorganik kompleks terlarut yang
biodegradable dan non-biodegradable. Perpindahan massa merupakan fenomena
penting dalam rekayasa bioproses, yang tidak dapat diselesaikan secara lengkap
dengan metode teoritis atau metode matematik. Penelitian ini bertujuan
menganalisis perpindahan massa fase cair dan menentukan korelasi empirik
koefisien perpindahan massa fase cair pada pengolahan lindi dalam bioreaktor
anaerobik.
Penelitian ini adalah eksperimen skala pilot dengan sistem batch.
Perpindahan massa fase cair dianalisis menggunakan konsentrasi substrat yang
diekspresikan sebagai COD. Difusi zat terlarut diekspresikan sebagai VFA.
Penelitian ini menggunakan bioreaktor anaerobik dengan volume total 160L.
Setelah dilakukan karakterisasi dan analisis kualitas lindi, selanjutnya
perancangan bioreaktor anaerobik dengan desain sesuai kebutuhan penelitian.
Kemudian dilakukan uji kebocoran dan kalibrasi dari sistem bioreaktor anaerobik.
Perbandingan volume lindi:biogas pada bioreaktor adalah 70:30. Mikroorganisme
yang digunakan berasal dari rumen sapi dan lindi dengan perbandingan 1 : 3 dan
disaring untuk diambil ekstraknya. Seeding dan aklimatisasi dilakukan, masingmasing
selama 10 hari. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengolahan anaerobik
selama 21 hari. Seeding, aklimatisasi dan pengolahan lindi dilakukan dalam
bioreaktor anearobik pada variasi temperatur ambient, temperatur 35°C dan
temperatur 45°C, variasi pH: ambient, 7.2 dan 8.0 dan variasi laju alir resirkulasi
lindi 0 L/menit, 6L/menit dan 24L/menit. Pengambilan data dan analisis
parameter dilakukan setiap dua hari sekali. Proses pengolahan lindi dihentikan
jika persentase penurunan COD (CODremoval) telah mencapai 60-80 %.
Pada penelitian ini diperolah adanya ketergantungan terhadap konsentrasi
substrat (COD) terlarut dalam lindi. Perubahan konsentrasi substrat akan
mempengaruhi densitas, viskositas, tekanan biogas, BOD, VFA, laju perpindahan
massa fase cair; rkL dan laju difusi zat terlarut; rDL. Oleh karena itu, konsentrasi
substrat merupakan gaya dorong pada perpindahan massa fase cair. Kinerja
biorekator anaerobik penelitian ini mampu menurunkan COD pada perlakuan pH,
Q, T, dan kombinasi pH, Q, T berturut-turut adalah 81.43%, 81.55%, 81.73% dan
85.31%.
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Leachate is liquid waste resulted from physical, biological, and chemical
decomposition of waste landfill. Leachate is the heterogeneous liquid waste
containing dissolved complex organic and inorganic substrate that is
biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Anaerobic treatment, in principle, utilizes
anaerobic bacteria to degrade the dissolved organic materials. Mass transfer is an
important phenomenon in bioprocess engineering, which cannot be solved
completely by theoretical or mathematical methods. This study is to analyze the
mass transfer of liquid phase and determine the empirical correlation of mass
transfer coefficient of liquid phase in leachate treatment in anaerobic bioreactor.
This study was a pilot-scale experiment using batch systems. The mass
transfer of liquid phase was analyzed using substrate concentrations expressed as
COD. Diffusion of the solute was expressed as VFA. This study used anaerobic
bioreactors with a total volume of 160L. After it was performed characterization
and analysis of leachate quality, the next was designing anaerobic bioreactor with
the design appropriate to the research needs. Then, it was performed leak test and
calibration of anaerobic bioreactor system. Seeding and acclimatization was
performed respectively 10 days. Further, it was followed by anaerobic treatment
for 21 days. Seeding and acclimatization were conducted in anaerobic bioreactor
at ambient temperature with pH variations: ambient, 7.2 and 8.0. The ratio of
leachate and biogas volume is 70:30. Microorganisms used were from cow’s
rumen and leachate with a ratio of 1: 3 then filtered to take the extract. Data
collection and parameter analysis were performed once every other day. Leachate
treatment process was terminated if the percentage of COD (CODremoval) reduction
reached 60-80%.
In this study, it is obtained dependence on substrate (COD) concentration
dissolved in leachate. Changes in substrate concentration will affect the density,
viscosity, biogas pressure, BOD, VFA, liquid phase mass transfer rate; rkL and rate
of diffusion of solutes; rDL. Therefore, the substrate concentration is a thrust force
in the mass transfer of liquid phase. In this study, anaerobic bioreactor
performance is able to decrease the COD at the treatments of pH, Q, T, and the
combination of pH, Q, T respectively 81.43%, 81.55%, 81.73% and 85.31%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | perpindahan massa, lindi, viskositas, densitas, bioreaktor anaerobik |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Abdul Kahar |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Aug 2017 02:55 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Mar 2019 03:44 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/48561 |
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