Bachtiar, Yahdini Fitri Rajabi (2018) STUDI KRISTALISASI STRUVITE PADA AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI PUPUK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR FLUIDIZED BED. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Industri pupuk menghasilkan limbah yang mengandung amonium dan fosfat yang tinggi. Hal tersebut berpotensi untuk menyebabkan eutrofikasi jika tidak diolah dengan baik. Di sisi lain pengolahan limbah cair industri pupuk berpotensi memiliki nilai tambah melalui recovery kandungan pencemar tersebut untuk menghasilkan kristal Struvite. Pemanfaatan kembali fosfat merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatasi kekurangan fosfat yang diperkirakan akan habis dalam jangka waktu 60-70 tahun mendatang. Penelitian menunjukkan, penggunaan reaktor Fluidized Bed mampu melakukan recovery hingga 80-90% kandungan fosfat yang dimiliki air limbah. Tujuan penelitian ialah menentukan seed material efektif dan kecepatan aliran optimum yang mana merupakan faktor penting dalam recovery fosfat dan amonium; menentukan produktifitas reaktor Fluidized Bed dalam melakukan recovery fosfat dan menentukan karakteristik kristal Struvite yang dihasilkan.
Penelitian ini merecovery kandungan fosfat dan amonium menggunakan reaktor Fluidized Bed dengan sistem kontinu. Presipitan yang digunakan ialah MgCl2, dengan rasio molar [Mg2+]:[PO43-] ialah 1,5:1 dan pH larutan 8,5, hal tersebut mengacu pada hasil penelitian terdahulu. Proses pengolahan air limbah berlangsung selama 70 menit setiap perlakuan. Variasi yang dilakukan ialah seed material dengan menggunakan pasir, pasir silika dan tanpa seed material; dan kecepatan aliran sebesar 0,014, 0,019 dan 0,024 m/s yang merupakan hasil dari uji fluidisasi pada masing masing seed material. Pada penelitian ini diamati pH, kadar amonium dan kadar fosfat pada air efluen Fluidized Bed; serta tekanan pada reaktor, tinggi ekspansi bed dan kecepatan aliran. Setelah itu dilakukan analisis secara kuantitatif terhadap air efluen dan analisis secara kuantitatif kristal Struvite yang dihasilkan ditinjau baik secara kuantitas dan kualitas kristal. Parameter uji air efluen ialah pH, TSS, fluorida, amonium, fosfat dan COD. Parameter uji kristal Struvite yang dihasilkan secara kuantitas ialah berat Struvite yang didapatkan, sementara parameter uji secara kualitas ialah morfologi, komposisi, struktur, dan kemurnian.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Fluidized Bed mampu merecovery fosfat dan amonium yang terkandung pada air limbah industri pupuk. Seed material efektif yang digunakan ialah material pasir dan kecepatan optimum 0,014 m/s yang mampu merecovery fosfat sebesar 73% dan amonium sebesar 57%. Semakin kecil kecepatan aliran maka semakin besar persentase recovery fosfat dan amonium. Penggunaan seed material terbukti dapat meningkatkan efisiensi recovery fosfat dan amonium, penggunaan pasir dapat meningkatkan efisiensi recovery fosfat hingga 21% dan amonium hingga 8%; sementara penggunaan silika dapat meningkatan efisiensi recovery fosfat hingga 31% dan amonium hingga 6%. Reaktor Fluidized Bed mampu menghasilkan hingga 8,46 g produk per liter air limbah dengan menggunakan konfigurasi terbaik. Hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa Struvite menempel pada permukaan seed material, dan serta menghasilkan endapan yang berbentuk balok memanjang. Hasil analisis EDX menunjukkan bahwa unsur utama penyusun produk ialah N, O, P, Mg dan Si. Berdasarkan hasil analisis XRD, kadar Struvite pada produk yang dibentuk ialah 60% pada seed material pasir dan 44% pada seed material silika.
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The fertilizer industry produces wastewater that containing high ammount of amonium and phosphate. It has the potential to cause eutrophication if not treated properly. On the other hand, the wastewater treatment of the fertilizer industry has the potential to add value through the recovery of these pollutants to produce Struvite crystals. Phosphate recovery is one way to overcome the phosphate deficiency that is expected to run out within the next 60-70 years. Research shows, the use of Fluidized Bed reactor can recovery up to 80-90% of phosphate in the waste water. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the effective seed material and optimum flow rate which is an important factor in phosphate recovery; determining the productivity of the Fluidized Bed reactor in phosphate recovery and determining the characteristics of the Struvite crystals that produced.
In this research, phosphate recovery have been done by using Fluidized Bed reactor with continuous system. The precipitant used was MgCl2, with molar ratio [Mg2+]: [PO43-] was 1.5: 1 and pH of the solution is 8,5, it refers to the results of previous research. The wastewater treatment process were last for 70 minutes for each treatment. Variations that made were seed material, that used sand, silica sand and no seed material; and flow rates of 0.0014, 0.0019 and 0.0024 m / s which was the result of the fluidization test of each seed material. In this research process, pH, amonium and phosphate levels on water effluent Fluidized Bed ; and pressure on the reactor, height of bed expansion and influent flowrate was observed. Then quantitative analysis of water effluent and quantitative analysis of the Struvite crystals were reviewed both in quantity and quality of the crystals. Parameters of water effluent test were pH, TSS, fluoride, amonium, phosphate and COD. The quantity test of Struvite crystal that produced was observed by measuring the weight of Struvite obtained, while the quality test parameters were morphology, composition, structure, and purity.
The results showed that Fluidized Bed was able to recover phosphate and amonium that contained in industrial waste water of fertilizer. The effective seed material used was sand and the optimum speed is 0.014 m/s, which could recovered phosphate by 73% and amonium by 57%. The smaller the flow rate the greater the percentage of phosphate and amonium recovery. The used of seed material has been shown to improve the efficiency of phosphate and amonium recovery, sand could increase the efficiency of phosphate recovery up to 21% and amonium up to 8%; while silica could increase the efficiency of phosphate recovery up to 31% and amonium by 6%. The Fluidized Bed reactor is capable of producing 9,394 g of Struvite per liter of waste water by using best configuration. The result of SEM analysis, Struvite could stick into Seed Materials surface, and also produced long block shape crystals. The result of EDX analysis, the main elements of the products are N, O, P, Mg and Si. From the XRD analysist, product that recovered contain 44% and 60% of Struvite, by using respectively silica and sand as seed material.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSL 628.3 Bac s-1 3100018077432 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Fluidized Bed Reactor, Fosfat, Kecepatan Aliran, Seed Material, Struvite |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Bachtiar Yahdini Fitri Rajabi |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Aug 2021 05:25 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Aug 2021 05:25 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/53620 |
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