Irawanto, Rony (2015) Fitoforensik Logam Berat Pb (Timbal) dan Cd (Kadmium) Pada Tumbuhan Akuatik Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) dan Jali (Coix lacryma-jobi) Koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodadi. Masters thesis, Institut Technology Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Perkembangan pembangunan mengakibatkan peningkatan aktivitas di
berbagai sektor, baik sektor industri, pemukiman, pertanian, dan sektor lainnya.
Semakin bertambahnya aktivitas manusia di berbagai sektor kehidupan seringkali
menghasilkan bahan pencemar yang dapat menganggu dan membahayakan
lingkungan. Pencemaran logam berat mendapat perhatian yang serius, karena bila
terserap dan terakumulasi dalam tubuh manusia dapat mengganggu kesehatan dan
menyebabkan kematian. Logam berat yang bersifat toksik dan merupakan
pencemar di semua media lingkungan, adalah Pb (timbal) dan Cd (kadmium).
Konsep yang memusatkan peran tumbuhan dalam kerangka teknologi alami untuk
menyelesaikan permasalahan lingkungan dikenal dengan istilah Fitoteknologi.
Fitoteknologi dapat diterapkan dalam fitoproteksi, fitoremediasi, fitomonitoring
maupun fitoforensik pencemaran lingkungan. Pendekatan fitoforensik digunakan
dalam melacak waktu kejadian dan target spesifik suatu pencemar masuk dalam
tumbuhan. Penelitian fitoforensik masih belum banyak dilakukan. Sehingga
penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jangka waktu dan lokasi spesifik pencemar
logam berat Pb dan Cd dalam tumbuhan jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) dan jali (Coix
lacryma-jobi).
Penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap mulai November 2013 sampai
Desember 2014. Penelitian bertempat di greenhouse Teknik Lingkungan - ITS
dengan menggunakan material tumbuhan koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodadi - LIPI.
Pemilihan tumbuhan akuatik didasarkan pada kriteria: jenis asli setempat,
ditemukan liar di alam, dan memungkinkan dalam perbanyakannya. Penelitian
diawali dengan perbanyakan, aklimatisasi, dan penentuan RFT (Range Finding
Test) untuk konsentrasi kematian. Kemudian penelitian utama berupa uji
fitoforensik dengan konsentrasi paparan Pb sebesar 10000 ppm dan Cd 400 ppm.
Variasi yang digunakan meliputi: (1) variasi zat pencemaran (Pb dan Cd), (2)
variasi jenis tumbuhan (Jeruju dan Jali) dan (3) variasi jumlah tumbuhan (tiga dan
lima individu) dalam reaktor. Reaktor berupa bak plastik kapasitas 10 L
berdimensi 30x25x10 cm dengan dua ulangan (duplo). Parameter yang diamati
berupa morfologi tumbuhan, berat kering tumbuhan dan konsentrasi logam pada
bagian tumbuhan (akar, batang dan daun). Data yang diperoleh disajikan dalam
tabel dan grafik. Metode analisis logam berat menggunakan AAS (Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer).
iv
Hasil perpindahan dan penyerapan logam Pb pada tumbuhan Acanthus
ilicifolius (Jeruju) 3 individu di akar 8.958 ppm, batang 33,5 ppm dan daun 27,7
ppm; pada 5 individu di akar 8.850 ppm, batang 119,6 ppm dan daun 44,5 ppm.
Untuk logam Cd pada 3 individu di akar 237,2 ppm, batang 2,72 ppm dan daun
1,06 ppm, pada 5 individu di akar 147,2 ppm, batang 4,2 ppm dan daun 3,26 ppm.
Sedangkan perpindahan dan penyerapan logam Pb pada tumbuhan Coix lacrymajobi
(Jali) 3 individu di akar 7.235 ppm, daun 250,7 ppm dan batang 149,2 ppm,
pada 5 individu di akar 8.197 ppm, daun 274,5 ppm dan batang 242,8 ppm. Untuk
logam Cd pada 3 individu di akar 174,9 ppm, daun 6,81ppm dan batang 4,32 ppm,
pada 5 individu di akar 194,1 ppm, daun 18,1 ppm dan batang 2,93 ppm.
=======================================================================================================
Growth of population and development resulted in increased activity in the
various sectors, such as industrial, residential, agricultural, and other sectors. The
increasing human activity in various sectors often produces some pollutants that
can contaminate and harm the environment. Heavy metal is a serious pollutant,
that can absorbed and accumulate in the human body. Its reduce human health and
cause death. Heavy metals is toxic pollutants in all environmental, such as Pb
(lead) and Cd (cadmium). The concept focus on the plants role in framework of
natural technology to solve environmental problems known as Phytotechnology.
Phytotechnology can be applied in phytoprotection, phytoremediation,
phytomonitoring and phytoforensic for environmental pollution. Phytoforensic
approach used to track time and specific targets of a pollutant into part of the
plant. The phytofrensic research not much examined and still rarely. Therefore,
this research aims to determine the duration and the specific location of heavy
metal pollutant (Pb and Cd) in aquatic plants Acanthus ilicifolius and Coix
lacryma-jobi.
The research has been carried out during November 2013 to December
2014. The study took place in a greenhouse Environmental Engineering - ITS
with plant material from Purwodadi Purwodadi Botanic Garden - LIPI. Selection
of aquatic plants is based on the following criteria: native species, wild in nature,
and easy propagation. The premerly research begins with propagation seedling,
acclimatization, and RFT (Range Finding Test) for the determination of letal
concentration. Then the main research of phytoforensic with concentration of
heavy metals Pb 10000 ppm and Cd 400 ppm. Variations used: three variations:
(1) variation of heavy metal pollution substances (Pb and Cd), (2) variation of
plant spesies (Acanthus ilicifolius and Coix lacryma-jobi) and (3) variation of
plants specimen in the reactor (three and five specimen). Reactor form plastic
capacity 10 L with dimension 30x25x10 cm and two replications (duplo). The
parameters observed are plant morphology, dry weight and metal concentrations
in the parts of plant (root, stem and leaves). The data obtained are presented in
tables and graphs. Methods of analysis of heavy metals using AAS (Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer).
The results acumulation of Pb from Acanthus ilicifolius (jeruju/sea holly)
in 3 specimen in roots, stems and leaves are 8,958 ppm, 33.5 ppm and 27.7 ppm;
in 5 specimen in roots, stems and leaves are 8,850 ppm, 119.6 ppm and 44.5 ppm.
vi
For Cd in 3 specimen in roots, stems and leaves are 237.2 ppm, 2.72 ppm and
1.06 ppm;in 5 specimen in roots, stems and leaves are 147.2 ppm, 4.2 ppm and
3.26 ppm. While the absorption of Pb from Coix lacryma-jobi (jali/job’s tear) in 3
specimen in roots, leaves and stems are 7235 ppm, 149.2 ppm and 250.7 ppm, in
5 specimen in the roots, leaves and stems are 8,197 ppm, 274.5 ppm and 242,8
ppm. For Cd in 3 specimen in roots, leaves and stems are 174.9 ppm, 6,81ppm
and 4.32 ppm; in 5 specimen in roots, leaves and stems are 194.1 ppm, 18.1 ppm
and 2.93 ppm.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTL 628.52 Ira f |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Fitoforensik, Pb (Timbal), Cd (Kadmium), Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius), Jali (Coix lacryma-jobi), Kebun Raya Purwodadi. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mr. Tondo Indra Nyata |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Nov 2018 08:21 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Nov 2018 08:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/59948 |
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