Damarani, Zelika Nidya and Sholihah, Latifah Mar'atis (2019) Pra Desain Pabrik Refined Bleached Deodorized (RBD) Olein dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Refined, Bleached, Deodorized (RBD) Olein ialah produk hasil rafinasi dan fraksinasi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) yang digunakan sebagai minyak goreng. Minyak goreng merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang memiliki tingkat konsumsi paling tinggi di masyarakat, khususnya Indonesia Minyak goreng berfungsi sebagai medium penghantar panas, menambah rasa gurih, menambah nilai gizi dan kalori dalam makanan. Sehingga, mengingat konsumsi dalam negeri yang cukup besar serta dengan mempertimbangkan kapasitas produksi pabrik RBD Olein skala kecil dan menengah yang sudah ada, pada pra desain pabrik ini akan didesain produk minyak goreng dari CPO sebagai bahan baku dengan menggunakan proses pemisahan secara fisika yaitu dengan distilasi uap yang dilakukan pada temperatur tinggi dan pemurnian dengan proses fraksinasi kering. Secara umum, proses pemurnian RBD Olein terbagi menjadi dua proses yaitu secara fisika dan kimia. Proses secara kimia melibatkan reaksi netralisasi dengan penambahan larutan soda kaustik (NaOH). Penambahan basa akan membentuk sabun dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Proses pemurnian terbagi menjadi proses dry, detergent dan solvent fractionation. Proses dry memiliki keunggulan biaya yang dikeluarkan lebih ekonomis, namun yield yang dihasilkan sebesar 75%. Pada proses detergent dan solvent, yield yang dihasilkan lebih besar yaitu 80% tetapi biaya mahal. Sehingga, pada pra desain pabrik ini dipilih proses physical refinery dengan dry fractionation karena dapat memberikan biaya yang lebih murah serta ramah lingkungan. Pada proses ini akan dihasilkan produk berupa RBD Olein , dimana produk RBD Olein bila diturunkan dapat digunakan pula sebagai shortenings dan margarin. Pabrik RBD Olein dari CPO akan didirikan di kawasan industri Maloy, Kalimantan Timur, dengan estimasi waktu mulai produksi pada tahun 2021. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi untuk kapasitas 120.000 ton/tahun, dengan biaya produksi sebesar Rp 2.346.355.959.311,68 akan dihasilkan keuntungan tiap tahun sebesar 1.083.337.130.934 dengan penjualan RBD Olein sebesar Rp 12.579/liter. Didapatkan pula laju pengembalian modal (IRR) pabrik ini sebesar 20,16% pada tingkat suku bunga per tahun 12,5%. Sedangkan untuk waktu pengembalian modal (POT) adalah 3 tahun.
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Refined, Bleached, Deodorized (RBD) Olein is a product that is refined and fractionated by Crude Palm Oil (CPO) which is used as cooking oil. Cooking oil is one of the foods that has the highest consumption level in the community, especially Indonesia Cooking oil serves as a medium for heat transfer, adds savory flavor, adds nutritional value and calories in food. So, given the considerable domestic consumption and considering the production capacity of the existing small and medium scale RBD factory, the pre-design of this factory will be designed cooking oil products from CPO as raw materials using a physical separation process, namely by steam distillation carried out at high temperatures and purification with a dry fractionation process. In general, the process of purifying RBD Olein is divided into two processes, physically and chemically. The chemical process involves a neutralization reaction by adding caustic soda (NaOH) solution. Addition of base will form soap and is not environmentally friendly. The purification process is divided into dry process, detergent and solvent fractionation. The dry process has a more economical cost advantage, but the yield produced is 75%. In the detergent and solvent process, the yield produced is greater at 80% but expensive. So, in the pre-factory design, a physical refinery process with dry fractionation was chosen because it can provide cheaper and environmentally friendly costs. In this process a product will be produced in the form of RBD Olein, where the RBD Olein product if lowered can also be used as shortenings and margarine. The RBD Olein plant from CPO will be established in the Maloy industrial area, East Kalimantan, with estimated production start time in 2021. Based on economic analysis for a capacity of 120,000 tons / year, with production costs of Rp 2,346,355,959,311.68 profit will be generated per year amounted to 1,083,337,130,934 with sales of RBD Olein of Rp 12,579 / liter. It was also obtained the rate of return on capital (IRR) of this factory was 20.16% at an annual interest rate of 12.5%. Whereas for the payback period of capital (POT) is 3 years.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSK 665.335 Dam p-1 2019 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | RBD Olein, CPO, edible oil, physical refinery process and dry fractination |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP669 Oils, fats, and waxes |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Latifah Maratis Sholihah |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Nov 2021 06:02 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Nov 2024 08:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/61472 |
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