Analisis Pengaruh Tutupan Lahan Terhadap Distribusi Suhu Permukaan: Kajian Urban Heat Island (Uhi) Di Lima Kota Besar Di Indonesia

Muzaky, Handis (2019) Analisis Pengaruh Tutupan Lahan Terhadap Distribusi Suhu Permukaan: Kajian Urban Heat Island (Uhi) Di Lima Kota Besar Di Indonesia. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pada tahun 2015, lebih dari separuh penduduk Indonesia telah tinggal di kawasan perkotaan. Perkembangan kawasan perkotaan tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya konversi lahan, terutama perubahan kawasan terbuka hijau menjadi kawasan permukiman. Pertumbuhan kawasan permukiman ditandai dengan meningkatnya tutupan lahan kedap air yang memiliki kemampuan rendah dalam menyerap panas. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan suhu udara di kawasan perkotaan menjadi lebih tinggi dibandingkan wilayah sekitarnya, yang dikenal sebagai fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI). Untuk mengetahui dampak UHI terhadap masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan perkotaan, diperlukan pemantauan suhu secara berkelanjutan. Namun, pemantauan suhu menggunakan stasiun cuaca memiliki keterbatasan dalam jumlah stasiun dan cakupan wilayah pengamatan, sehingga metode penginderaan jauh dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperoleh data suhu secara kontinu dengan distribusi spasial yang luas. Penelitian ini mengkaji fenomena UHI pada lima kota dengan kepadatan penduduk tertinggi di Indonesia, yaitu Kota Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, dan Makassar, menggunakan data citra satelit Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS. Estimasi Suhu Permukaan Tanah (Land Surface Temperature/LST) dilakukan menggunakan algoritma Single Channel (SC), sedangkan identifikasi tutupan lahan dilakukan menggunakan tiga indeks spektral, yaitu Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), dan Visible Red Near Infrared-Built-up Index (VrNIR-BI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai suhu permukaan rata-rata di Kota Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, dan Makassar berturut-turut sebesar 30,46°C, 35,21°C, 28,52°C, 31,69°C, dan 30,76°C. Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tutupan lahan dan LST, dilakukan uji korelasi sederhana Pearson Product Moment. Nilai korelasi antara LST dan NDVI di Kota Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, dan Makassar masing-masing sebesar -0,65, -0,49, -0,51, -0,49, dan -0,63, sedangkan korelasi antara LST dan VrNIR-BI masing-masing sebesar 0,65, 0,49, 0,51, 0,48, dan 0,63. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan tutupan lahan bervegetasi berperan dalam menurunkan suhu rata-rata kawasan perkotaan, terutama di Kota Medan dan Makassar.
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In 2015, more than half of Indonesia’s population lived in urban areas. The rapid development of urban areas has resulted in land-use conversion, particularly the transformation of green open spaces into residential areas. The expansion of residential areas is characterized by an increase in impervious surfaces with low heat absorption capacity. This condition causes urban areas to have higher temperatures compared to their surrounding areas, a phenomenon known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI). To assess the impact of UHI on urban communities, continuous temperature monitoring is required. However, temperature monitoring using weather stations has limitations in terms of the number of stations and spatial coverage. Therefore, remote sensing methods can be utilized to obtain continuous temperature data with extensive spatial distribution. This study investigates the UHI phenomenon in five of the most densely populated cities in Indonesia, namely Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, and Makassar, using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery. Land Surface Temperature (LST) was estimated using the Single Channel (SC) algorithm, while land cover identification was performed using three spectral indices: the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Visible Red Near Infrared-Built-up Index (VrNIR-BI). The results show that the average surface temperatures in Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, and Makassar were 30.46°C, 35.21°C, 28.52°C, 31.69°C, and 30.76°C, respectively. To analyze the relationship between land cover and LST, a Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis was conducted. The correlation values between LST and NDVI in Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, and Makassar were -0.65, -0.49, -0.51, -0.49, and -0.63, respectively, while the correlation values between LST and VrNIR-BI were 0.65, 0.49, 0.51, 0.48, and 0.63, respectively. The results indicate that vegetated land cover contributes to reducing average urban temperatures, particularly in Medan and Makassar.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	NDVI; MNDWI; Suhu Permukaan Tanah; Urban Heat Island; VrNIR-BI
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.217 Geospatial data G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.5.I4 Remote sensing Q Science > QC Physics > QC271 Temperature measurements Q Science > QC Physics > QC320 Heat transfer
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Handis Muzaky
Date Deposited:	08 Oct 2025 03:25
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 04:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/65142

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