Analisis Simulasi Numerik Pengaruh Age Hardening dan Variasi Ukuran Side Clearance Groove terhadap Peningkatan Umur Piston Paduan Aluminium Adc14 Ekskavator Hidrolik Komatsu Pc-400

Septandri, Kurnia Reza (2019) Analisis Simulasi Numerik Pengaruh Age Hardening dan Variasi Ukuran Side Clearance Groove terhadap Peningkatan Umur Piston Paduan Aluminium Adc14 Ekskavator Hidrolik Komatsu Pc-400. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Dalam dunia industri dikenal metode Remaining Life Assasment, sebagai suatu usaha pengecekan sisa umur suatu komponen untuk memberi pertimbangan dan perlakuan kepada suatu komponen. Seperti pada unit Ekskavator Hidrolikvator PC 400 pada komponen piston paduan Al-Si ADC14 yang beroperasi selama 18000 jam mengalami kegagalan material berupa keausan pada groove piston yang menyebabkan mesin ekskavator hidrolik mengalami blow-by pressure karena adanya kebocoran tekanan dari ruang pembakaran ke crankcase. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan simulasi menggunakan sofware CAD dan CAE untuk mencari sisa umur piston sehingga mampu menjadi acuan untuk diberikan perlakuan panas dan optimasi dari segi desain dengan tujuan mengatasi permasalahan pada piston dan mencari pengaruh perlakuan tersebut terhadap sisa umur piston tersebut. Metode Remaining Life Asessment (RLA) disimulasikan menggunakan Solidworks 64x untuk geometri dan ANSYS Workbench 19.2 dengan mengasumsikan beban kerja nyata dan temperatur kerja sehingga dapat diperoleh disribusi tegangan (statis & dinamis), FoS (factor of safety), dan fatigue life. Setelah itu akan diberi variasi desain besar clearance groove terhadap ring piston sebesar 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 dan 0,11 di groove pertama dan groove kedua. Pengaruh variable desain dengan tingkat blow-by paling rendah, setelah itu dilakukan simulasi perlakuan panas dengan temperature solution heat treatment 500oC dan ditahan selama 5 jam, di quenching menggunakan air hingga 20oC dan diberikan artificial aging pada variasi temperatur 180 oC dan 210 oC dengan variasi waktu holding 4 jam, 6 jam, 8 jam, dan 10 jam. Kedua perlakuan yang telah disimulasikan, dianalisis kembali dalam simulasi remaining life assessment untuk mencari pengaruh variasi perlakuan panas dan variasi desain terhadap sisa umur piston Ekskavtor Hidrolik PC400. Hasil simulasi fatigue life menujukkan umur sisa sebesar 3,08 tahun. Hasil simulasi fluent menujukkan dimensi side clearance pada groove piston memberi hasil laju blow-by dan tekanan blowby yang bervariasi yaitu 86,487 L/min dan 2,109 kPa untuk side clearance 0,03 mm; 95,330 L/min dan 1,776 kPa untuk side clearance 0,05 mm; 99,495 L/min dan 1,645 kPa untuk side clearance 0,07 mm; 100,435 L/min dan 1,141 kPa untuk side clearance 0,09 mm; 112,674 L/min dan 1,11 kPa untuk side clearance 0,11 mm. Hasil perlakuan panas artificial aging menunjukkan pengaruh pada kekuatan fatigue piston. Temperatur 180oC pada waktu holding 4 jam; 6 jam; 8 jam; dan 10 jam menghasilkan kekuatan fatigue berturut-turut sebesar 372,96 MPa; 268,8 MPa; 307,94 MPa; dan 252,336 MPa. Sedangkan temperatur 210oC pada waktu holding 4 jam; 6 jam; 8 jam; dan 10 jam menghasilkan kekuatan fatigue berturut-turut sebesar 222,6 MPa; 198,912 MPa; 182,28 MPa; dan 148,68 MPa. Hal ini membuktikan dimensi side clearance, temperatur aging dan waktu holding berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan umur.
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In this industry there is a know method named Remaining Life Asessment (RLA), as a way to check the remaining life of a component to be used a a consideration for its use. Like th hydraulic excavator of KOMATSU PC-400 unit’s piston of Al-Si alloy that has operated for 18000 hours, it has experienced wear on the piston’s groove. It is causing the engine experiencing blowby pressure because of the leak of pressure from the combustion chamber to the crankcase. This study is using CAD and CAE to find the remaining life of the piston so it could be the reference for inprovement on heat treatment and optimization on the design so it could improve the remaining life of the piston. RLA is simulated using Solidworks 64x for geometry and ANSYS Workbench 19.2, while assuming the actual load and ambient temperature so stress distribution (static and dynamic), factor of safety, and fatigue life could be achieved. Then there will be a design variation for 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, & 0,1 mm on the first ad second groove. The effect of design variables with the lowest blow-by will be then taken to heat treatment simulation with solution heat treatment temperature of 500 oC with 5 hours holding time, quenched with water to 10 and given artificial aging with the temperature variation of 180 oC dan 210 oC an holding time variation of 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours. The two treatments then will be analyzed again on RLA simulation to find out the effect of the design and heat treatment variations to the remaining life of hydraulic excavator KOMATSU PC-400. The fatigue life simulation shows the piston remaining life of 3.08 years left. The blow-by simulation shows that side clearance on piston groove does affect the blow-by rate and allowable blow-by pressure which is 86,487 L/min and 2,109 kPa for side clearance 0,03 mm; 95,330 L/min and 1,776 kPa for side clearance 0,05 mm; 99,495 L/min and 1,645 kPa for side clearance 0,07 mm; 100,435 L/min and 1,141 kPa for side clearance 0,09 mm; 112,674 L/min and 1,11 kPa for side clearance 0,11 mm. The artificial aging process shows that aging temperature and holding time does affect the mechanical properties of the product such as hardness and fatigue strength. Temperature 180oC with holding time of 4h; 6h; 8h; and 10h resulted in fatigue strength of 372,96 MPa; 268,8 MPa; 307,94 MPa; and 252,336 MPa. As for temperature 210oC with holding time of 4h; 6h; 8h; and 10h resulted in fatigue strength of 222,6 MPa; 198,912 MPa; 182,28 MPa; and 148,68 MPa. These results shows that side clearance variation, aging temperature, and holding time does affect the increase of piston’s remaining life.

Item Type: Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords: ADC14, Age Hardening, Artificial Aging, Blow By. Ekskavator Hidrolik, Fatigue, Kekerasan, Piston, remaining life assessment
Subjects: T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ254.7 Combustion chambers
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ324.5 Fuel systems
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ785 Internal combustion engines. Spark ignition
T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS170 New products. Product Development
T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS171 Product design
T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS173 Reliability of industrial products
T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS174 Maintainability (Engineering) . Reliability (Engineering)
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: Kurnia Reza Septandri
Date Deposited: 22 Jul 2026 06:29
Last Modified: 22 Jul 2026 06:29
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/65855

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