Analisis Pengaruh Nilai Pembobotan Pada Sistem Kendali LQR dan Pengaruh Kecepatan Angular Flywheel pada Kendaraan Gyro-Stabilized

Naufan, Irfan (2019) Analisis Pengaruh Nilai Pembobotan Pada Sistem Kendali LQR dan Pengaruh Kecepatan Angular Flywheel pada Kendaraan Gyro-Stabilized. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kecelakaan kendaraan roda dua pada dasarnya disebabkan oleh karakteristik kendaraan yang secara alami tidak dapat mempertahankan keseimbangan tanpa bantuan. Untuk meminimalkan risiko kecelakaan tersebut, kendaraan bermotor dapat dirancang menggunakan sistem giroskop. Konsep momen giroskop yang diterapkan pada kendaraan roda dua, khususnya sepeda motor, merupakan salah satu solusi untuk menjaga keseimbangan kendaraan selama beroperasi. Berbagai penelitian mengenai penerapan momen giroskop telah dilakukan, salah satunya menggunakan sistem kendali Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). Namun, penentuan matriks pembobot pada sistem kendali LQR tidak memiliki metode baku dan umumnya dilakukan melalui pendekatan trial and error. Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh nilai pembobot LQR serta kecepatan sudut flywheel terhadap stabilitas kendaraan gyro-stabilized. Pada penelitian ini dirancang model kendaraan roda dua dengan penyeimbang giroskop untuk mengevaluasi dinamikanya sehingga kendaraan mampu kembali ke posisi kesetimbangan (equilibrium) setelah mengalami simpangan awal. Tahap penelitian diawali dengan perancangan bentuk kendaraan dan penentuan parameter-parameter sistem, kemudian dimodelkan dalam bentuk block diagram menggunakan perangkat lunak MATLAB Simscape Multibody. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis dinamika kendaraan untuk memperoleh model matematis dalam bentuk matriks state-space. Sistem kendali yang digunakan adalah full state-feedback, sedangkan nilai gain ditentukan melalui metode LQR dengan memberikan pembobot pada setiap variabel keadaan (state) untuk memperoleh respons yang diinginkan. Variasi yang digunakan meliputi nilai pembobot pada state posisi gear, nilai pembobot R, serta kecepatan sudut flywheel. Seluruh variasi dianalisis berdasarkan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk kembali ke posisi kesetimbangan, sudut maksimum gimbal, serta torsi masukan yang diperlukan untuk menggerakkan gimbal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar nilai pembobot Q, semakin baik stabilitas sistem yang ditunjukkan oleh waktu tunak (settling time) yang semakin singkat, meskipun membutuhkan torsi masukan yang lebih besar. Sebaliknya, semakin besar nilai pembobot R dan kecepatan sudut flywheel, waktu tunak menjadi lebih lama sehingga stabilitas sistem menurun, tetapi torsi masukan yang diperlukan menjadi lebih kecil.
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Two-wheeled vehicle accidents are primarily caused by the inherent inability of such vehicles to maintain balance on their own. To reduce the risk of these accidents, motorcycles can be equipped with a gyroscopic stabilization system. The application of gyroscopic moment to two-wheeled vehicles is considered one of the most effective approaches to maintaining vehicle balance during operation. Numerous studies have investigated gyroscopic stabilization, including those employing the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control method. However, determining the weighting matrices in an LQR controller does not follow a unique procedure and is generally performed using a trial-and-error approach. This study investigates the influence of LQR weighting values and flywheel angular velocity on the stability of a gyro-stabilized vehicle. A dynamic model of a two-wheeled vehicle equipped with a gyroscopic stabilizer was developed to evaluate its ability to return to the equilibrium position after experiencing an initial disturbance. The study began with designing the vehicle configuration and determining the system parameters, which were subsequently modeled as a block diagram using MATLAB Simscape Multibody. Dynamic analysis was then performed to derive the mathematical model in the form of a state-space representation. A full state-feedback controller was employed, while the controller gain was determined using the LQR method by assigning weighting values to each system state in order to obtain the desired response. The study investigated variations in the weighting value of the gear position state, the weighting matrix R, and the flywheel angular velocity. The effects of these parameters were evaluated based on the time required for the system to return to equilibrium, the maximum gimbal angle, and the input torque required to actuate the gimbal. The results showed that increasing the weighting value of Q improved system stability by reducing the settling time, although it required greater control torque. In contrast, increasing the weighting value of R and the flywheel angular velocity resulted in longer settling times, indicating reduced system stability, while simultaneously reducing the required control torque.

Item Type: Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Inverted Pendulum, Control Moment Gyroscope, LQR.
Subjects: T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL521.3 Automatic Control
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: Irfan Naufan
Date Deposited: 21 Jul 2026 06:14
Last Modified: 21 Jul 2026 06:14
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/66068

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