Pabrik Asam Nitrat Dari Amonia Dengan Proses Oksidasi

Putri, Amelia Rahmawati and Lubis, Rima Thasea (2019) Pabrik Asam Nitrat Dari Amonia Dengan Proses Oksidasi. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Asam nitrat (HNO3) adalah sejenis cairan korosif yang tak bewarna dan merupakan asam beracun yang dapat menyebabkan luka bakar. Kegunaannya sangat dibutuhkan di dunia industri kimia, diantaranya dapat digunakan untuk pemurnian logam, sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bahan – bahan peledak seperti TNT, bahan baku pembuatan pupuk dan digunakan dalam proses design barang -barang berbahan tembaga, perunggu dan kuningan. Berdasarkan ketersediaan amonia yang merupakan bahan baku utama, maka pabrik asam nitrat akan di dirikan di Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Pembuatan asam nitrat dari amonia dengan proses oksidasi. Udara dikompresikan sampai tekanan 8 atm dan bertemperatur x°C. Amonia diubah fasenya menggunakan vaporizer dan selanjutnya akan dicampurkan dengan udara dalam converter yang berisi katalis platina berbentuk gauze/kasa. Pada reaksi ini konversi amonia mencapai 100%. Hasil Nitric Oxide (NO) kemudian direaksikan dengan oksigen agar terbentuk asam nitrat yang konsentrasinya 60%. Untuk memekatkan hasil, gas Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) masuk ke dalam kolom absorber bagian bawah pada suhu x°C. Di dalam kolom absorber, air ditambahkan pada bagian pali atas pada suhu 30°C, sedangkan asam lemah (weak acid) dimasukkan pada bagian tengah absorber. Hasil akhir berupa pemurnian dari bleaching colomn dengan kadar 65%. Pabrik ini beroprasi secara kontinyu selama 320 hari/tahun; 24 jam/hari dengan kapasitas rpduksi sebesar 35.000 ton/tahun. Dengan bahan baku yang dibutuhkan yakni, amonia sebesar 1127,72 kg/hari dan kebutuhan udara sebesar 15569,43x kg/hari. Kebutuhan utilitasnya adalah air sanitasi sebesar 75 m3/hari, air pendingin sebesar 17414,99 m3/hari, air proses sebesar 10,399 m3/hari dan air umpan boiler sebesar 6459,7 m3/hari
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Nitric acid is a corrosive liquid and poisomous acid which can cause burns. Its usefulnessis needed in the world chemical industry, which can be used for metal refining process, as a raw material for making explosives such as TNT and used in the design process goods made from cooper, bronze and brass. Based on the availability of ammonia which is the main raw material, then the nitric acid plant was established in Bontang, East Kalimantan. Manufacture of ammonia with nitric acid oxidation process. Air is compressed untill the pressure of 9 atm and the temperature x°C. Ammonia was evaporated in a steam vaporizer and further mixed with air that has been compressed. Mixture of air ammonia incorporated into the catalyst containing platinum converter shaped gauze. In the reaction of ammonia to NO conversion reached 100%. Result of Nitric Oxide (NO) the then reacted with oxygen to form nitric acid so that the concentration is 60%. The concentrate the results, gas of NO2 entering at the bottom of the absorber column at the temperrature x°C. In the absorber column, water is added at the very top at a temperature of 30°C, while the weak acid is inserted at the center of the absorber. Final result of the absorption of the nitric acid with 65% concentration. The plant operated continuosly for 320 days/year; 24 hours/day with a production capacity 35000 ton/year. With raw material ie; ammonia was 1127,72 m3/day and the air requirements of 15569,43 m3/day. The need for water sanitation utilities is at 75 m3/day, cooling water is 17414,99 m3/day, water feed boiler is6459,7 m3/day, and water proses is 10,399 m3/day.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Oxidation process
Subjects:	T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning)
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Amelia Rahmawati Putri
Date Deposited:	12 Aug 2026 01:22
Last Modified:	12 Aug 2026 01:22
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/66660

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