Sato, Abas (2019) Peningkatan Produksi Biogas dari Jerami Padi dengan Perlakuan Awal secara Hidrothermal. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penggunaan bahan bakar fosil dan tingkat konsumsi energi semakin tinggi, sedangkan sumber energi fosil terbatas, menjadikan usaha untuk mendapatkan energi terbarukan menjadi sangat penting. Disisi lain, limbah pertanian sangat melimpah di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah jerami padi yang dapat dibuat untuk bahan baku biogas sebagai energi terbarukan. Ikatan dalam selulusa dan lignin pada jerami padi cukup kuat dan sulit terdegradasi yang akibatnya akan menghalangi mikroorganisme pembentuk biogas untuk mendegradasinya, sehingga diperlukan pretreatment untuk melepaskan ikatan antara lignin dengan selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pretreatment secara hydrothermal pada kondisi alkalin dengan penambahan NaOH. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pretreatment hidrothermal alkali pada jerami terhadap delignifikasi lignin, kelarutan selulosa dan hemiselulosa, terbentukmya gula reduksi dan furfural, serta derajat kristalinitas selulosa yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan yield biogas. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu NaOH sebesar 3%, 5%, dan 7% (b/TS) dan suhu 100°C, 120°C, 140 °C dan 160°C. Pretreatment dilakukan menggunakan autoclave dengan perbandingan air dan jerami 7:1 dengan pemanasan selama 1 jam. Jerami hasil proses hydrothermal digunakan sebagai feed untuk produksi biogas dalam digester anaerobic yang memiliki volume kerja 14.5 liter, dioperasikan semikontinu dengan kondisi operasi suhu thermofilik dan mesofilik, hydraulic retention time (HRT) 20 hari serta kadar padatan jerami 5%
Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa pretreatment hidrothermal dan NaOH mampu meningkatkan degradasi organik jerami padi yang diindikasikan oleh meningkatnya delignifikasi jerami padi dan meningkatnya kadar gula yang larut dalam air. semakin tinggi nilai severity factor maka semakin besar lignin dan hemiselulosa yang terlarut,demikian juga gula reduksi yang terbentuk semakinmeingkat. Sehingga didapatkan kecenderungan bahwa degradasi organik jerami padi tertinggi terjadi pada suhu dan konsentrasi NaOH yang lebih tinggi. Analisa XRD menunjukkan kecenderungan penurunan derajat kristalinitas jerami hasil perlakuan hidrothermal pada suhu dan kadar NaOH yang lebih tinggi, Hasil analisa Thermogravimetri (TGA) menunjukkan jerami yang diberi perlakuan hidrothermal mudah terdegradasi thermal pada suhu yang lebih rendah. Produksi biogas tertinggi diperoleh pada digester yang diberikan feed jerami hasil pretreatment pada suhu 140°C, yaitu sebesar 140 L/kg jerami pada digester thermofilik dan 109 L/kg jerami pada digester mesofilik. Pengaruh suhu pretreatment hydrothermal pada suhu 100-160 °C tidak banyak memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap produksi biogas dibandingkan dengan pengaruh penambahan NaOH.
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Consumption of fossil fuels and other source of energy is highly increasing, while fossil energy sources are limited, strengthened efforts to obtain renewable energy very important. Beside the energy consumption, agricultural waste is available in abundant amount in Indonesia, one of the waste is rice straw which can be utilize as raw materials for biogas which further used as renewable energy. Strong bonding in cellulose and lignin in rice straw make it resistance to be digested by biogas-forming microorganism. Pretreatment of rice straw is required to release the bonding of lignin and cellulose. In this study hydrothermal pretreatment was carried out under alkaline conditions with the addition of NaOH. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of alkaline hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw on delignification, the solubility of cellulose and hemicellulose, the formation of reducing sugars and furfural, and the degree of cellulose crystallinity which influenced biogas yield. The variables used were NaOH of 3%, 5%, and 7% (w/w TS) and temperatures of 100 ° C, 120 ° C, 140 ° C and 160 ° C. Pretreatment was carried out using an autoclave with a water-straw ratio of 7: 1 and heating of 1 hour. Hydrothermal treated rice straw was used as source for biogas production in anaerobic digester. The digester has a working volume of 14.5 L, operated semicontinuously in thermophilic and mesophilic temperature, 20 days hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 5% solid straw content
The results of this study show that alkaline hydrothermal pretreatment could increase organic degradation of rice straw as indicated by the increasing delignification and increasing of water-soluble sugar content. The higher of the severity factor, the higher lignin and hemicellulose dissolution, and also higher reducing sugars concentration. There was a tendency of higher organic degradation of rice straw occurred at higher temperature and NaOH content. XRD analysis showed a reduction of degree of crystallinity at higher temperature and NaOH content of hydrothermal treatment of rice straw. Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis showed that hydrothermal treatment has change rice straw structure so that it began to degrade thermally at lower temperature. The highest biogas production from anaerobic digester fed with hydrothermal treated rice straw was treatment at temperature of 140 °C, which was 140 L/kg rice straw in the thermophilic digester and 109 L/kg rice straw in the mesophilic digester. The effect of hydrothermal pretreatment temperature of 100-160 °C did not give any significant effect of biogas production comparing with the effect of NaOH addition.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | alkaline hydrothermal, anaerobic digester, biogas, cellulose, lignin, rice straw, mesophilic, thermophilic, thermogravimetric analisys, XRD |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD756.45 Anaerobic treatment T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD789 Refuse and refuse disposal T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359 Biogas |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Abas Sato |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jul 2026 04:48 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jul 2026 04:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/70428 |
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