Wardani, Tantri Kusuma (2016) Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Katalis Heterogen Berbasis Hydrotalsit Dalam Reaktor Fixed Bed. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
Preview |
Text
2314201023-Master_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Download (2MB) | Preview |
Abstract
ujuan umum penelitian ini adalah mempelajari kerja katalis hasil rekayasa (Na-K/Mg-Al hydrotalsit) pada pembuatan biodiesel dengan proses transesterifikasi dalam reaktor batch dan kontinyu (fixed bed). Percobaaan dilakukan dalam 3 tahap yaitu: sintesa katalis, seleksi katalis dalam reaktor batch, proses transesterifikasi dalam reaktor fixed bed serta mencari model kinetika reaksi. Preparasi katalis dilakukan dengan metode kopresipitasi dan impregnasi kemudian diikuti kalsinasi pada temperatur 250, 350 ,450, 550 dan 650 o C selama 6 jam. Katalis dikarakterisasi dengan metode X-ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET). Seleksi katalis Na-K/Mg-Al hydrotalsit dilakukan melalui transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit dalam reaktor batch pada suhu 65 o C selama 5 jam. Katalis yang terbaik akan digunakan untuk transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit dalam reaktor fixed bed. Transesterifikasi dalam reaktor fixed bed dilakukan dengan ratio minyak/metanol (1:10, 1:12, 1:24), suhu operasi (150, 175, 200, 225, 250 o C) dan laju alir umpan (3, 6, 9, 12 ml/menit). Produk biodiesel yang terbentuk dianalisa dengan metode GC (Gas Chromatography). Luas permukaan dari MgAl-Hydrotalsit tertinggi didapat saat dikalsinasi pada suhu 650 o C, yakni sebesar 156,252 m2 /gr. Katalis yang dapat memberikan aktivitas katalitik terbaik pada reaksi transesterifikasi dalam reaktor batch, yakni katalis Na-K/MgAl-Hydrotalsit dengan % loading Na-K sebesar 10% Katalis tersebut dapat menghasilkan konversi reaksi sebesar 93,65%. Katalis yang memberikan aktivitas katalitik terbaik, kemudian dipakai untuk proses transesterifikasi pada reaktor fixed bed. Perbandingan molar minyakmetanol, laju alir umpan ke dalam reaktor serta suhu operasi reaktor sangat berpengaruh terhadap konversi reaksi. Konversi reaksi terbaik diperoleh pada perbandingan molar minyak/metanol 1 : 24, laju alir umpan 3 ml/menit dan suhu reaksi 225o C, yakni sebesar 67,21 %. Persamaan kinetika reaksi untuk reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit menggunakan katalis Na-K/MgAl-Hydrotalsit pada reaktor fixed bed dapat dirumuskan sebagai − = 0,02926 4496.21 , .
========================================================================================================
The general objective of this research is studying the performance of the modified catalyst (using Na-K/MgAl-Hydrotalcite) in the production of biodiesel by transesterification process in batch and continuous reactors (fixed bed). Experiment is performed in three steps: syntesis of the catalyst, the catalyst selection in a batch reactor, the transesterification in a fixed bed reactor and calculate the reaction kinetics model. Catalyst preparation is carried out by coprecipitation and impregnation methods and then calcination at 250, 350, 450, 550, 650 o C for 6 hours. Catalyst is characterized by X-ray Diffraction and Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) methods. The selection of using Na-K/MgAl-Hydrotalcite is carried out by transesterification of palm oil in batch reactor at 65 o C over 5 hours. The best catalyst, will be used for transesterification of palm oil in fixed bed reactor. Transesterification in fixed bed reactor is carried out at several ratio mole oil/metanol (1:10, 1:12, 1:24), operating temperatures (150, 175, 200, 225, 250 o C) and feed flow rates (3, 6, 9, 12 ml/minute). Biodiesel product that formed will be analyzed using GC (Gas Chromatography) method. The highest surface area of MgAl-Hydrotalcite that obtained is 156,252 m2 /gr when it calcined at 650 o C. using Na-K/MgAl-Hydrotalcite catalyst that was prepared using 10% Na-K can give the best catalytic activity at transesterification in batch reactor. That catalyst can obtain conversion of reaction until 93,65% Catalyst that can give the best catalytic activity, then used for transesterification process in fixed bed reactor. Rasio mole oil/metanol, feed flow rate into reactor and operation temperature of reactor are very influence towards conversion of reaction. The highest conversion of reaction is obtained with ratio mole oil/metanol 1 : 24, feed flow rate 3 ml/mins and reaction temperature 225o C, that is 67,21%. Kinetics equation for transesterification of palm oil using Na-K/MgAlHydrotalcite as catalyst in fixed bed reactor is well-defined by − = 0,02926 4496.21 , .
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTK 660.284 4 War t 3100016067637 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biodiesel, Katalis Na-k/MgAL-hydrotalsit, Reaktor fixed bed, Transesterifikasi |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Yeni Anita Gonti |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jul 2020 07:51 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Jul 2020 07:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/76370 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |