Rachmah, Alif Nur Laili (2021) Hidrolisis Enzimatik Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Dengan Pretreatment Air Subkritis Dan Penambahan Surfaktan Untuk Produksi Gula Pereduksi. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah dari pabrik kelapa sawit
di Indonesia. Padahal, TKKS adalah salah satu sumber bahan lignoselulosa
potensial yang dapat diproses secara berurutan untuk menghasilkan gula melalui
pretreatment dan hidrolisis enzimatik. Proses air subkritis telah dikenal sebagai
pretreatment lignoselulosa yang menjanjikan serta proses produksi gula. Penelitian
ini mengkaji pengaruh jenis surfaktan yang ditambahkan pada pretreatment air
subkritis terhadap proses produksi gula enzimatis TKKS. Pada penelitian ini, proses
subcritical water dilakukan pada temperatur 140, 160, 180oC, tekanan 60 bar
selama 60 menit. Ada 3 jenis surfaktan yang akan diteliti yaitu non-ionik, anionik
dan kationik (Tween 80, SDS dan CTAB). Selain analisis gula pereduksi, juga di
lakukan karakterisasi padatan menggunakan SEM, XRD, FTIR dan TGA untuk
menunjukkan perubahan morfologi, indeks kristal, gugus fungsi dan penurunan
komposisi sebelum dan sesudah proses subkritis air. Setelah proses subcritical
water, TKKS padat dihidrolisis secara enzimatis menggunakan dua enzim
komersial, yaitu selulase dari Aspergillus niger, dan xilanase dari T.
longibrachiatum, pada suhu 50oC dan pH 5,5 selama 48 jam. Hasil percobaan
menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tween 80 pada proses subcritical water
menghasilkan rendemen gula yang signifikan pada suhu 140oC. Penambahan
CTAB ke proses air subkritis menunjukkan efek samping sedangkan SDS
iv
menunjukkan hasil produksi gula yang mendukung. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan
oleh interaksi hidrofobik dan hidrofilik antara gugus fungsi unit lignin dengan
gugus hidrofobik serta gugus ion dari surfaktan. Kombinasi air subkritis pada suhu
180oC dibantu SDS merupakan skenario terbaik untuk menghasilkan gula tinggi.
Pada proses air subkrtis di peroleh yield gula sebesar 4,034% (g gula/g TKKS) dan
setalah proses hidrolisa enzimatis yied gula total tertinggi sebesar 28,424 % (g
gula/g TKKS)
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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) has been wasted from palm oil mills in
Indonesia. In fact, it is one of a potential lignocellulosic material sources which can
be sequentially processed to produce sugar through pretreatment and enzymatic
hydrolysis. Subcritical water process has been known as promising lignocellulose
pretreatment as well as sugar producing process. This study examined the effects
of the surfactant types, added in the subcritical water pretreatment on the OPEFB
enzymatic sugar production process. In this research, the subcritical water process
was conducted at temperature 140, 160, 180oC, pressure 60 bar for 60 minutes.
There were 3 types of surfactants to be studied which are non-ionic, anionic and
cationic (Tween 80, SDS and CTAB). In addition to reducing sugar analysis, solid
characterizations using SEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA were also carried out to show
changes in morphology, crystalline index, function group and decrease in
composition before and after the subcritical water process. After subcritical water
process, the solid OPEFB was enzymatically hydrolyzed using two commercial
enzymes, i.e., cellulase from Aspergillus niger, and xylanase from Trichoderma
longibrachiatum, at 50oC and pH of 5.5 for 48 hours. The results of the experiment
showed that tween 80 addition to the subcritical water process produced significant
sugar yields at temperature 140oC. The addition of CTAB to the subcritical water
process shows the adverse effects while that of SDS showed supporting sugar
vi
production yields. This may be caused by hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
between functional groups of lignin unit and the hydrophobic as well as ionic group
of the surfactants. The combination of subcritical water at 180oC assisted by SDS
is the best scenario to produce high sugar. In the process of subkrtis water obtained
a sugar yield of 4.034% (g sugar / g OPEFB) and after the process of enzymatic
hydrolysis yied the highest total sugar of 28.424% (g sugar / g OPEFB).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | hidrolisis enzimatik, lignoselulosa, TKKS, gula reduksi, air subkritis,surfaktan, enzymatic hydrolysis, lignocellulose, OPEFB, reducing sugar subcritical water; surfactant. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP339 Ethanol as fuel. Biomass energy. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP382 Sugar--Analysis. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Alif Nur Laili Rachmah |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Aug 2021 01:22 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Dec 2024 05:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/87908 |
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