Wananda, Noor Qiftia and Pratiwi, Weni Mega (2021) Pabrik Dimhetyl Ether (DME) dari Proses Dehidrasi Methanol dengan Katalis Alumina. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pabrik Dhymetil Ether dirancang dengan kapasitas 48.000 Ton/tahun, menggunakan bahan baku Methanol yang diperoleh dari PT.xyz, Bontang, Kalimantan Timur yang memiliki kapasitas 990.000 ton per tahun. Perusahaan akan didirikan dengan badan hukum Perseroan Terbatas (PT), dengan jumlah karyawan 314 orang. Pabrik beroperasi selama 330 hari dalam setahun, dengan proses produksi selama 24 jam/hari. Untuk memproduksi DME, dilakukan proses pencampuran ampuran methanol setelah diuapkan hingga suhu 160 oC kemudian masuk kedalam reaktor (R-210) yang berisi katalis padat Al2O3. Dalam reaktor terjadi proses dehidrasi methanol menjadi dimethyl ether dan air. Reaktor yang digunakan untuk reaksi adalah jenis fluidized bed reactor dengan kondisi isotermal dan adiabatis. Reaktor beroperasi pada suhu 260 oC - 280 oC dengan tekanan 11 atm. Jika reaksi berjalan pada suhu dibawah 250 oC, maka reaksi akan berjalan lambat. Pada suhu diatas 400 oC, maka akan terjadi kerusakan pada katalis. Hasil reaksi dari reaktor (R-210) dialirkan cooler (E-211) untuk menjadi gas-liquid sebelum ke separator (H-220) pada suhu 40 oC, pada separator (H-220) beroperasi pada suhu 40 oC dan tekanan 3 atm, liquid dialirkan menuju menara distilasi (D-310), kemudian top produk dari separator (H-220) akan dialirkan ke kolom absorber (D-230), di kolom absorber (D-230) DME dalam fase gas di absorb dengan methanol-water (hasil dari rectification kolom distilasi (D-310) bottom), top produk dari absorber D-230 akan ditampung di tangki penyimpan produk DME grade II (F-232), sedangkan bottom produknya akan dialirkan menuju rectification kolom distilasi (D-310) bersama dengan bottom produk separator (H-220). didapatkan selisih biaya bahan baku. Pada pabrik dimetil eter sebelum dilakukan recycle membutuhkan biaya bahan baku sebesar Rp 2.197.403.601,00/hari. Sedangkan pada pabrik dimetil eter sesudah adanya recycle membutuhkan biaya bahan baku sebesar Rp 1.569.030.330,00 /hari. Efisiensi dan optimisasi proses dengan me-recycle byproduct metanol untuk digunakan kembali menjadi bahan baku dapat lebih ekonomis dan menambah keuntungan sebesar Rp 628.373.271,00/hari. Pabrik ini membutuhkan Fixed Capital Rp 129.270.785.642,34. Analisis ekonomi pabrik DME ini menunjukkan pengembalian modal minimum sebelum pajak adalah 3,61 tahun, Titik Impas (BEP) = 73,58% dan titik BEP terjadi pada kapasitas produksi Rp. 35319,47 ton/tahun. Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut pabrik layak untuk terus dilanjutkan.
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The Dhymethyl Ether plant is designed with a capacity of 48,000 tons/year, using methanol as raw material obtained from PT. xyz, Bontang, East Kalimantan which has a capacity of 990,000 tons per year. The company will be established as a limited liability company (PT), with 314 employees. The factory operates 330 days a year, with a production process of 24 hours/day. To produce DME, the methanol mixture was mixed after being evaporated to a temperature of 160 oC and then entered into the reactor (R-210) containing solid catalyst Al2O3. In the reactor there is a dehydration process of methanol into dimethyl ether and water. The reactor used for the reaction is a fluidized bed reactor with isothermal and adiabatic conditions. The reactor operates at a temperature of 260 oC - 280 oC with a pressure of 11 atm. If the reaction proceeds at a temperature below 250 oC, then the reaction will run slowly. At temperatures above 400 oC, there will be damage to the catalyst. The reaction product from the reactor (R-210) is flowed by cooler (E-211) to become gas-liquid before going to the separator (H-220) at a temperature of 40 oC, the separator (H-220) operates at a temperature of 40 oC and a pressure of 3 atm , the liquid is flowed to the distillation tower (D-310), then the top product from the separator (H-220) will be flowed to the absorber column (D-230), in the absorber column (D-230) DME in the gas phase is absorbed with methanol- water (the result of the rectification of the distillation column (D-310) bottom), the top product from the absorber D-230 will be accommodated in the DME grade II product storage tank (F-232), while the bottom product will flow to the rectification distillation column (D-310 ) together with the bottom of the separator product (H-220). obtained the difference in the cost of raw materials. At the dimethyl ether plant before recycling it requires raw material costs of Rp. 2,197,403,601.00/day. Meanwhile, in the dimethyl ether factory after recycling, the raw material costs are Rp. 1,569,030,330.00/day. Efficiency and optimization of the process by recycling methanol byproduct to be reused as raw materials can be more economical and increase profits by Rp 628,373,271.00/day. This factory requires Fixed Capital of Rp 129,270,785,642.34. The economic analysis of this DME factory shows that the minimum return on capital before tax is 3.61 years, the break-even point (BEP) = 73.58% and the BEP point occurs at a production capacity of Rp. 35319.47 tons/year. From the calculation results, the factory is feasible to continue.
Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | DME, Methanol, Recycle. DME, Methanol, Recycle. |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction |
Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology |
Depositing User: | Weni Mega Pratiwi |
Date Deposited: | 22 Aug 2021 01:49 |
Last Modified: | 22 Aug 2021 01:49 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/88321 |
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