PABRIK SODIUM NITRAT DARI SODIUM HIDROKSIDA DAN ASAM NITRAT DENGAN PROSES SINTESIS.

Anisa, Siti Nur and Zsalsabila, Aulia Okta (2021) PABRIK SODIUM NITRAT DARI SODIUM HIDROKSIDA DAN ASAM NITRAT DENGAN PROSES SINTESIS. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya.

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Abstract

Pembangunan dan pengembangan industri kimia yang menghasilkan produk intermediet sangat penting karena dapat mengurangi ketergantungan dan biaya pengeluaran devisa Indonesia terhadap produk impor. Salah satu produk intermediet adalah Sodium Nitrat. Kebutuhan bahan intermediet di Indonesia semakin bertambah sehingga dapat dipastikan semakin lama kebutuhan NaNO3 akan semakin meningkat. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik tentang impor Sodium Nitrat di Indonesia pada tahun 2002-2012 menunjukkan bahwa impor Sodium Nitrat semakin menurun. Akan tetapi kebutuhan NaNO3 di Indonesia diketahui dimulai tahun 2009 semakin meningkat setiap tahun dan diperkirakan akan terus meningkat sesuai dengan banyaknya industri yang menggunakannya. Kapasitas produksi pabrik sodium nitrat yang akan didirikan yaitu 40000 ton/tahun. Bahan baku yang di gunakan yaitu Natrium Hidroksida dan Asam Nitrat menjadi Sodium Nitrat. Proses pembuatan Sodium Nitrat menggunakan proses sintesis. Tahap pertama, bahan baku asam nitrat dan sodium hidroksida disimpan dalam fase cair pada temperatur 30°C dan tekanan 1 atm. Kedua bahan selanjutnya dialirkan secara kontinyu ke Heat Exchanger untuk dipanaskan hingga mencapai suhu 60°C. Kemudian kedua bahan tersebut dialirkan ke continous strirred tank reactor (CSTR). Tahap kedua, larutan pekat (slurry) sodium nitrat keluar Reaktor kemudian diumpankan ke Evaporator dengan suhu dari steam 121. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu cairan pekat jenuh produk. Tahap ketiga, Pada tahap ini cairan pekat jenuh produk bawah keluar Evaporator, dialirkan ke dalam Crystallizer untuk dikristalkan dengan mendinginkan cairan jenuh tersebut sampai suhu 40°C. Produk keluar Crystallizer berupa kristal sodium nitrat dan mother liquornya. Produk keluar Crystallizer diumpankan ke dalam Centrifuge untuk dipisahkan kristalnya dengan mother liquor yang masih melekat. Mother liquor yang terpisah, dialirkan kembali ke Crystallizer untuk dikristalkan lagi untuk mengurangi waste.Hasil berupa Kristal Sodium Nitrat dibawa menuju Rotary Dryer untuk mengurangi kadar air. Di Rotary Dryer pengurangan kadar air dilakukan dengan menghembuskan gas bertekanan. Udara panas berasal dari udara luar yang disaring terlebih dahulu dengan Filter udara kemudian dihembuskan blower ke Heat Exchanger untuk dipanaskan hingga suhu 60°C kemudian dialirkan ke Rotary Dryer. Sodium Nitrat produk keluar Rotary Dryer selanjutnya dipindahkan menuju tangki penyimpanan dengan menggunakan belt conveyor yang selanjutnya akan dikemas. Pabrik sodium nitrat bekerja secara kontinyu dan beroperasi selama 330 hari/tahun dengan kapasitas produksi 40.000 ton/tahun.
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The development of the chemical industry that produces intermediate products is very important because it can reduce the dependence and cost of Indonesia's foreign exchange expenditure on imported products. One of the intermediate products is Sodium Nitrate. The need for intermediates in Indonesia is increasing so that it is certain that the longer the need for NaNO3 will increase. Based on data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics on the import of Sodium Nitrate in Indonesia in 2002-2012, it shows that the import of Sodium Nitrate is decreasing. However, it is known that the need for NaNO3 in Indonesia began in 2009 and is increasing every year and is expected to continue to increase according to the number of industries that use it. The production capacity of the sodium nitrate plant to be established is 40000 tons/year. The raw materials used are sodium hydroxide and nitric acid to become sodium nitrate. The process of making Sodium Nitrate using a synthesis process. In the first stage, the raw materials for nitric acid and sodium hydroxide were stored in the liquid phase at a temperature of 30°C and a pressure of 1 atm. The two materials are then flowed continuously to the Heat Exchanger to be heated to a temperature of 60°C. Then the two materials are flowed into a continuous strirred tank reactor (CSTR). In the second stage, a concentrated solution (slurry) of sodium nitrate leaves the reactor and is then fed to the evaporator with a temperature of 12I steam. The results obtained are concentrated liquid saturated product. The third stage, At this stage the saturated concentrated liquid from the bottom product exits the evaporator, flows into the Crystallizer to be crystallized by cooling the saturated liquid to a temperature of 40°C. The products that come out of the Crystallizer are sodium nitrate crystals and the mother liquor. The product that comes out of the Crystallizer is fed into a Centrifuge to separate the crystals from the mother liquor that is still attached. The separated mother liquor is flowed back to the Crystallizer to be crystallized again to reduce waste. The resulting Sodium Nitrate Crystal is taken to the Rotary Dryer to reduce the water content. In the Rotary Dryer the water content reduction is carried out by blowing pressurized gas. Hot air comes from outside air which is filtered first with an air filter and then blown by a blower into the Heat Exchanger to be heated to a temperature of 60°C and then flowed to the Rotary Dryer. Sodium Nitrate product out of the Rotary Dryer is then transferred to the storage tank using a belt conveyor which will then be packaged. The sodium nitrate plant works continuously and operates for 330 days/year with a production capacity of 40,000 tons/year.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Sodium nitrat, Sodium hidroksida, Asam nitrat, Sintesis, Sodium nitrate, Sodium hydroxide, Nitric acid, Synthesis
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Siti Nur Anisa
Date Deposited:	20 Aug 2021 07:22
Last Modified:	20 Aug 2021 07:22
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/88338

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