Pra Desain Pabrik Biodiesel Dari Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Metode Transesterifikasi Dengan Kapasitas 50.000 Ton/Tahun

Sutanto, Caroline Fernanda and Wiryawan, Fernando Pujiadhi (2021) Pra Desain Pabrik Biodiesel Dari Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Metode Transesterifikasi Dengan Kapasitas 50.000 Ton/Tahun. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Biodiesel merupakan alternatif dari bahan bakar fosil yang bersumber dari minyak nabati atau lemak hewani. Pengembangan biodiesel mengalami kendala diantaranya adalah tingginya harga bahan baku dan biaya produksi yang mengakibatkan harga jual biodiesel yang dihasilkan belum mampu bersaing dengan minyak diesel berbasis minyak bumi. Salah satu upaya dalam pencarian bahan baku yang ekonomis dengan menggunakan low cost feed stock contohnya minyak jelantah. Biodiesel dari minyak jelantah ini dipandang lebih ekonomis dari segi biaya bahan baku dibandingkan CPO, dan dapat memanfaatkan limbah rumah tangga sehingga mengurangi polusi di lingkungan. Terdapat 3 tahapan utama dalam proses pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah, antara lain tahap pre-treatment bahan baku, reaksi transesterifikasi dan pemurnian. Produksi diawali dengan tahap pre-tratment limbah minyak jelantah yaitu tahap degumming, bleaching, filter kotoran, evaporasi, reaksi esterifikasi dan penetralan. Selanjutnya dilakukan tahapan utama yaitu pembentukan biodiesel dengan reaksi transesterifikasi. Setelah itu dilakukan pemurnian produk dengan evaporasi biodiesel dan merecovery metanol dengan distilasi pada produk gliserol sehingga didapatkan produk utama biodiesel dan produk samping gliserol. Pembiayaan pabrik biodiesel dari minyak jelantah berasal dari 40% dana pribadi dan 60% pinjaman dari Bank. Dengan perincian analisa ekonomi sebagai berikut : Nilai Net Present Value positif dan nilai Internal rate of Return sebesar 26,98% dan bunga bank 12%, Pay Out Time dalam 4,3 tahun, dan Titik Impas sebesar 30,68%. Dilihat dari sensitivitas terhadap IRR, harga jual produk berpengaruh besar dalam nilai IRR.
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Biodiesel is an alternative to fossil fuels and it is sourced from vegetable oils or animal fats. The development of biodiesel has encountered some obstacles including the high price of raw materials and production costs which resulted in the selling price of biodiesel produced not being able to compete with petroleum-based diesel oil. One of the efforts to find more economical raw materials is to use lowcost feed stock, for example used cooking oil. Biodiesel from used cooking oil is considered more economical in terms of raw material costs compared to CPO,and also using used cooking oil can utilize household waste so as to reduce pollution in the environment. There are 3 main processes in the process of making biodiesel from used cooking oil, that is the pre-treatment of raw materials, transesterification reaction and purification. Biodiesel production begins with the pre-treatment stage of the impurities in the used cooking oil. The processes in the pre-treatment stage are degumming, bleaching, dirt filtering, evaporation, esterification and neutralization reactions. Next, the main stage of the production, which is the formation of the biodiesel by using transesterification reaction. After that, the product is purified by evaporation and the methanol that has already been separated from the biodiesel is recovered by using distillation process. The distillation process also separates the glycerol from the methanol and the glycerol then became the by-product. The financing for the plant of biodiesel production from used cooking oil came from 40% of personal funds and 60% of loans from banks. With the details of the economic analysis as follows: Positive Net Present Value and Internal rate of Return of 26.98% and 12% bank interest, Pay Out Time in 4.3 years, and Break-even Point of 30.68%. Judging from the sensitivity to the IRR, the selling price of the product has a big influence on the IRR value.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biodiesel, transesterification, waste cooking oil, biodiesel, transesterifikasi, minyak jelantah
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Caroline Fernanda Sutanto
Date Deposited:	23 Aug 2021 08:04
Last Modified:	23 Aug 2021 08:04
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/89421

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