Nisrina, Gina and Tandiono, Josephine (2021) Pra Rancangan Pabrik Dimethyl Ether (DME) Dari Batubara. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Data Kementerian ESDM pada tahun 2017, tercatat
sebanyak 26,2 miliar ton batubara yang tersebar di seluruh
Indonesia terlebih di Pulau Kalimantan dan Pulau Sumatra.
Dikarenakan ketersediaannya yang melimpah, batubara berpotensi
besar untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi maupun bahan
baku produksi. Namun pada tahun 2017, produksi batubara
nasional per tahun mencapai 461 juta ton. Pemanfaatan terbesar
dalam negeri digunakan untuk kelistrikan yaitu sebesar 83% dan
selebihnya untuk industri semen, pupuk, tekstil pulp, metalurgi,
briket dan lainnya sebesar 17%. Selain pemanfaatan dalam negeri,
batubara juga diekspor ke negara tujuan seperti China, India dan
Jepang. Bahan baku produksi bermacam senyawa kimia seperti
dimetil eter (DME), methanol, ammonia dan sebagainya dapat
diperoleh dari batubara yang telah diolah menjadi synthetic gas.
DME merupakan zat kimia stabil dengan titik didih -25,1°C pada
tekanan atmosferik dan tekanan uap sekitar 0,6 MPa pada 25°C.
Viskositas DME berada pada rentang 0,12 - 0,15 kg/ms atau setara
dengan viskositas propana dan butana, sehingga infrastruktur
untuk LPG dapat juga digunakan untuk DME. Apabila DME
dibakar akan menghasilkan warna nyala biru terang.
Menurut Menteri ESDM, kebutuhan LPG domestik pada
tahun 2021 diperkirakan naik menjadi 9,51 juta ton dan akan terus
meningkat. Nyatanya, kenaikan ini tidak dibarengi dengan
peningkatan produksi LPG. Kemiripan karakteristik yang dimiliki
DME dengan LPG membuat DME dapat digunakan sebagai
alternatif bahan bakar yang ramah lingkungan. DME sebagai bahan
bakar dapat dimanfaatkan secara langsung maupun sebagai
campuran. Pengembangan DME tahap awal bisa didorong dengan
skema mandatori DME 20% dicampur sebanyak ke LPG. Dengan
berdirinya pabrik DME dari batubara, maka diharapkan dapat
mengurangi kebutuhan impor DME oleh Indonesia.
DME dari batubara melalui beberapa tahapan proses
sebagai berikut:
1. Unit Gasifikasi → tahap pembuatan syngas dari batubara
2. Unit Water Gas Shift → tahap penyesuaian kandungan H2 dan
CO dalam syngas
3. Unit Acid Gas Removal → tahap penghilangan kandungan acid
gas dalam syngas
4. Unit Sintesa DME → tahap pembuatan DME dari syngas
5. Unit Purifikasi DME → tahap pemurnian DME
Adapun pabrik direncanakan beroperasi dalam kondisikondisi
berikut ini.
● Operasi : 24 jam/hari selama 330 hari/tahun
● Kebutuhan bahan baku : 314.100 kg/jam feed batubara
● Kapasitas produksi : 13.000 ton DME/tahun dengan
kemurnian 98% wt
Rancangan pabrik ini memiliki sumber dana investasi
sebesar 40% dari modal pihak pertama dan pinjaman bank sebesar
60% dengan suku Bunga 8% per tahun. Pelunasan akan dilakukan
dalam jangka waktu 10 tahun. Berdasarkan Analisa ekonomi yang
telah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut :
● Investasi : Rp 262.925.647.421,83,-
● Internal Rate of Return : 41,97%
● POT : 2,73 tahun
● BEP : 24%
● NPV 15 tahun : Rp 685.245.996.585,-
======================================================================================================
From the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Data
in 2017, it was recorded that 26.2 billion tons of coal spread
throughout Indonesia especially in Kalimantan island and island
Sumatra. Due to its abundant availability, coal has a great potential
to be used as a source of energy or even industrial raw materials.
But in 2017, national coal production per year has reached 461
million tons. The largest domestic utilization of coal was used for
electricity for about 83% and the rest for cement, fertilizer, pulp
textile, metallurgical, briquette and others industry for about 17%.
Besides domestic utilization, coal was also exported to other
countries such as China, India and Japan. Raw materials for the
production of various chemical compounds such as dimethyl ether
(DME), methanol, ammonia and so on can be obtained from
processed coal that becomes synthetic gas. DME is a stable
chemical with a boiling point of -25.1°C at atmospheric pressure
and vapor pressure are about 0.6 MPa at 25°C. Viscosity DME is
in the range of 0.12 - 0.15 kg / ms or equivalent with the propane
and butane viscosity, so that the infrastructure for LPG can also be
used for DME. When DME is being burned, it will produce a bright
blue color.
According to the Minister of ESDM, domestic LPG
demands in 2021 are expected to rose to 9.51 million tons and will
continue to increase. In fact, this increase is not accompanied with
an increase in LPG production. The characteristics similarity of
DME and LPG makes DME can be used as an environmentally
friendly alternative fuel. DME as fuel can be used directly or as a
mixture. Early-stage of DME development could be encouraged by
20% DME mandatory schemes that is mixed with LPG. By the
establishment of the DME factory from coal, it is expected to
reduce the import amount of DME in Indonesia.
DME from coal goes through several stages of process as
follows:
1. Gasification Unit → the stage of making syngas from coal
2. Water Gas Shift Unit → the adjustment stage of H2 and CO
content in syngas
3. Acid Gas Removal Unit → the stage of removal of acid gas
content in syngas
4. DME Synthesis Unit → the stage of making DME from syngas
5. DME Purification Unit → DME purification stage
The plant is planned to operate under the following
conditions.
● Operation: 24 hours/day for 330 days/year
● Raw material requirements: 314,100 kg/hour of coal feed
● Production capacity: 13,000 tons of DME/year with purity of
98% wt
The design of this factory has an investment fund source
from the first party about 40% and bank loans at 60% with an
interest rate of 8% per year.
Repayment will be made within 10 years. Based on economic
analysis
What has been done, obtained the following results:
● Investment : Rp 262,925,647,421,83,-
● Internal Rate of Return: 41.97%
● POT : 2.73 years
● BEP: 24%
● 15-year NPV : Rp 685,245,996,585,-
Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
---|---|
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Batubara, dimethyl ether, sintesa langsung, gasifikasi, sintesa tidak langsung, syngas, coal, dimethyl ether, direct synthesis, gasification, indirect synthesis, syngas |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning) |
Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Josephine Tandiono |
Date Deposited: | 25 Aug 2021 04:25 |
Last Modified: | 25 Aug 2021 04:25 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/89422 |
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