Alternatif Desain Struktur Gedung Apartemen Di Daerah Tangerang dengan Menggunakan Seismic Base Isolation High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB)

Mutafail, Muhammad (2021) Alternatif Desain Struktur Gedung Apartemen Di Daerah Tangerang dengan Menggunakan Seismic Base Isolation High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB). Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Negara Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara berkembang yang saat ini sedang gencar-gencarnya dalam pembangunan infrastruktur terutama dibidang konstruksi gedung bertingkat. Permasalaha utama yang ada di Indonesia ketika dibangun gedung bertingkat adalah letak wilayah indoesia yang menempati zona tektonik sehingga rawan akan terjadinya gempa bumi yang disebabkan oleh tiga lempeng besar dunia dan Sembilan lempeng kecil lain yang saling bertemu dan membentuk jalur-jalur pertemuan lempeng yang kompleks. Hal ini perlu diperhatikannya perencanaan bangunan bertingkat untuk menghindari terjadinya collapse atau keruntuhan pada struktur bangunan, Sehingga diperlukannya suatu pendekatan alternative desain yang perlu diterapkan pada bangunan bertingkat. Salah satu pendekatan alternative desain yang sering digunakan dan paling efektif adalah Base Isolation jenis High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB). Konsep penggunaan HDRB sangat sederhana, penerapannya dengan membagi struktur Gedung menjadi dua bagian yaitu struktur bangunan diatas system base isolation dan struktur bangunan dibawah system base isolation. Sistem ini dapat memperpanjang periode getar alami dan simpangan antar lantai pada bangunan karena struktur diatas sitem isolasi direncanakan sebagai satu kesatuan massa yang bergerak Bersama. Selain itu, beban gempa yang diterima oleh struktur bangunan diatas sitem isolasi akan direduksi sebesar β_M oleh HDRB sebelum disalurkan pada struktur bangunan diatas system isolasi.
Pengerjaan tugas akhir dilakukan melalui 4 tahap permodelan struktur, yaitu tahap 1 permodelan kondisi eksisting bangunan dual sistem, tahap 2 permodelan SRPMB tanpa shear wall, tahap 3 permodelan redesain SRPMB dan tahap 4 permodelan SRPMB dengan HDRB. Pada permodelan tahap 1 hingga 3 diberikan pembebanan gempa respons spektrum. Namun pada permodelan tahap 4 diberikan pembebanan gempa respons spektrum komposit akibat penggunaan sistem isolasi dasar. Hasil dari keempat permodelan tersebut dilakukan analisa kontrol struktur sesuai standar perencanaan. Dikarenakan tujuan Proyek Akhir untuk mengetahui pengaruh HDRB terhadap beban gempa yang tinggi (SRPMB nilai R=3, HDRB nilai R=1,125), maka pada permodelan tahap 3 dan tahap 4 dilakukan perbandingan output gaya dalam untuk mengetahui reduksi yang terjadi. Tahap selanjutnya melakukan perhitungan struktur atas dan struktur bawah yang akan dijelaskan pada penggambaran teknik.
Karakteristik HDRB yang terdiri dari material karet mutu tinggi yang dilaminasi oleh pelat baja, yang akan ditambahkan bahan – bahan carbon black, dan bahan pengisi lainnya. Dalam tugas akhir ini akan direncanakan jenis High Damping Rubber Bearing diameter 850 mm dan 1300 mm dengan rasio redaman 24% dan memiliki modulus geser 0,620 MPa Pemasangan High Damping Rubber Bearing tersebut diketahui terdapat reduksi gaya geser dasar yang diterima oleh bangunan struktur atas HDRB sebesar 56,50% pada arah gempa X dan 62,12% pada arah gempa Y. Periode yang terjadi bertambah panjang disbanding dengan fixed base. Berdasarkan hasil analisa rasio gaya dalam, terdapat reduksi gaya aksial sebesar 23,14%, gaya geser sebesar 63,42%, gaya torsi sebesar 32,27%, dan momen sebesar 74,03% pada elemen struktur kolom utama.
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Indonesia is one of the developing countries which is currently intensively developing infrastructure, especially in the field of high-rise building construction. The main problem in Indonesia when a multi-storey building was built is the location of the Indonesian region which occupies a tectonic zone so that it is prone to earthquakes caused by the world's three major plates and nine other small plates that meet each other and form complex plate encounter paths. It is necessary to pay attention to the planning of high-rise buildings to avoid the occurrence of collapse or collapse in the building structure, so that an alternative design approach is needed that needs to be applied to high-rise buildings. One alternative design approach that is often used and most effective is Base Isolation of the High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB) type. The concept of using HDRB is very simple, its application is by dividing the building structure into two parts, namely the building structure above the base isolation system and the building structure under the base isolation system. This system can extend the period of natural vibration and the displacement between floors in the building because the structure above the isolation system is planned as a unitary mass that moves together. In addition, the earthquake load received by the building structure above the isolation system will be reduced β_M by the HDRB before being distributed to the building structure above the isolation system.
The work on the final project was carried out through 4 stages of structural modeling, namely stage 1 modeling the existing condition of a dual system building, stage 2 modeling SRPMB without shear walls, stage 3 modeling SRPMB redesign and stage 4 modeling SRPMB with HDRB. In the modeling stages 1 to 3, the earthquake response spectrum is given. However, in stage 4 modeling, the composite spectrum response earthquake loading was given due to the use of a basic isolation system. The results of the four models are analyzed for structural control according to planning standards. Due to the purpose of the Final Project to determine the effect of HDRB on high earthquake loads (SRPMB value R=3, HDRB value R=2), then in the modeling stage 3 and stage 4 a comparison of the internal force output was carried out to determine the reduction that occurred. The next stage is to calculate the upper structure and lower structure which will be explained in the engineering drawing.
The characteristics of the HDRB consist of high quality rubber material which is laminated by a steel plate, to which carbon black materials and other fillers will be added. In this final project, it will be planned for the type of High Damping Rubber Bearing with a diameter of 850 mm and 1300 mm with a damping ratio of 24% and having a shear modulus of 0.620 MPa. The installation of the High Damping Rubber Bearing is known to have a reduction in the base shear force received by the HDRB superstructure of 56, 50% in the direction of the earthquake X and 62.12% in the direction of the earthquake Y. The period that occurs is longer than the fixed base. Based on the results of the internal force ratio analysis, there is a reduction in axial force of 23.14%, shear force of 63.42%, torsional force of 32.27%, and moment of 74.03% on the main column structural elements.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Base Isolation, High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB), Spectrum Response, Structure Modeling, SRPMB
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA645 Structural analysis (Engineering) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA658 Structural design T Technology > TH Building construction > TH1095 Earthquakes and building
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Civil Infrastructure Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Muhammad Mutafail
Date Deposited:	01 Sep 2021 18:59
Last Modified:	01 Sep 2021 18:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/90806

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