Hariono, Amanda Marini (2022) Kajian Uprating Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum (IPAM) Baja Untuk Peningkatan Kapasitas Pengolahan. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Seiring bertambahnya tahun, jumlah penduduk terus meningkat. Hasil proyeksi menunjukkan jumlah penduduk Indonesia akan meningkat dari 270,2 juta jiwa pada tahun 2020 menjadi 318,9 juta jiwa pada tahun 2045. Sedangkan, total kapasitas IPAM di Indonesia sebesar 100.000 liter/detik atau setara melayani sekitar 100 juta penduduk. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kebutuhan air minum jauh melampaui kapasitas instalasi pengolahan air minum (IPAM). Untuk itu perlu dilakukan peningkatan kinerja dan kapasitas produksi air minum dengan uprating IPAM yang dapat menambah volume atau debit produksi pada satuan unit operasi yang sama dan/atau berbeda hingga dua kali volume atau debit awal. Mekanisme dan volume pekerjaan uprating IPAM dapat disesuaikan kembali sesuai masalah layanan air minum masing-masing.
Studi ini mengkaji literatur mengenai mekanisme uprating pada unit koagulasi-flokulasi, sedimentasi, dan filtrasi pada IPAM berdasarkan hasil kombinasi kriteria desain uprating pada SNI 6774:2008 dengan kriteria desain lainnya yang telah memenuhi ketentuan. Uprating unit koagulasi-flokulasi dilakukan dengan mempersingkat waktu detensi dan penambahan volume atau kedalaman unit. Unit sedimentasi dapat diuprate dengan mempersingkat waktu detensi, pemasangan perforated baffle dan settler serta penambahan kedalaman unit. Sedangkan, unit filtrasi dapat diuprate dengan penggantian ukuran media filter dan penggantian sistem media filter menjadi dual media, multi media, ataupun membran filter.
Studi ini dilanjutkan dengan simulasi perhitungan perencanaan uprating unit pengolahan air minum pada IPAM Baja. IPAM yang digunakan adalah instalasi pengolahan air paket 50 L/detik pada IPAM Siwalanpanji Sidoarjo. Instalasi ini meliputi intake, flokulator (koagulasi-flokulasi), bak pengendap, bak filter, dan reservoir dengan injeksi gas klor. Didapatkan hasil bahwa dengan mekanisme uprating pada tiap unit pengolahan air, debit IPA yang semula 36 L/detik dapat ditingkatkan hingga dua kali lipat yakni menjadi 72 L/detik. Pada unit koagulasi-flokulasi, debit pengolahan dapat ditingkatkan dengan mempersingkat waktu detensi (td) dan menambah unit sebanyak 1 buah. Unit sedimentasi juga ditingkatkan dengan mempersingkat waktu detensi (td) dan menambah unit sebanyak 1 buah karena telah terdapat plate settler. Sedangkan, debit penyaringan pada unit filtrasi ditingkatkan dengan mengganti ukuran dari masing-masing media filter yakni antrasit dan pasir silika. Laju penyaringan pada unit filtrasi dapat meningkat dari 5,38 m/jam menjadi 10,76 m/jam. Perencanaan uprating pada simulasi ini telah memenuhi kriteria desain unit pengolahan air.
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Over the years, the population continues to increase. Result of projection shows that the population of Indonesia will increase from 270.2 million people in 2020 to 318.9 million people in 2045. Meanwhile, the total capacity of all water treatmen plants (WTP) in Indonesia is only 100,000 liters/second or equal to serving around 100 million people. This condition shows that the amount of water demand far exceeds the capacity of water treatment plants (WTP). For this reason, it is necessary to increase the performance and production capacity by uprate the WTP which can increase the production volume or flow at the same and/or different unit operations up to twice the initial volume or flow. The mechanism and work volume of WTP uprating can be adjusted according to the problems.
This study reviews the uprating mechanism in each unit operations such as coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration unit based on the combination of uprating design criteria in SNI 6774:2008 with other design criterion that have met the requirements. Uprating the coagulation-flocculation unit can be done by increasing the depth of the unit. The sedimentation unit can be upgraded by installing perforated baffles and settlers, also by increasing the depth of the unit. Meanwhile, the filtration unit can be upgraded by changing the filter media system to dual media, multi media, or membrane filters.
This study is continued with the simulation of WTP uprating design. WTP that used in this simulation is 50 L/second water treatment installation at WTP Siwalanpanji Sidoarjo. This installation includes an intake unit, a floculator (contains coagulation-flocculation process), a settling basin, a filter tank, and a reservoir with chlorine gas injection. The result is that with the uprating mechanism in each water treatment unit, the WTP discharge which was originally 36 L/second can be doubled to 72 L/second. In the coagulation-flocculation unit, the discharge can be increased by shortening the detention time (td) and adding 1 unit. Sedimentation units can be also increased by shortening the detention time (td) and adding 1 unit because there was already a plate settler. Meanwhile, the discharge at the filtration unit can be increased by changing the size of each filter media, anthracite and silica sand. The filtration rate in the filtration unit can be increased from 5.38 m/hour to 10.76 m/hour. Uprating planning in this simulation has met the design criteria of the water treatment unit.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | water treatment plant, uprating, treatment capacity, instalasi pengolahan air minum, kapasitas pengolahan, uprating |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Amanda Marini Hariono |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Feb 2022 00:34 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Dec 2024 05:29 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/94005 |
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