Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Oli Bekas Menggunakan Metode Co-Composting Dengan Memanfaatkan Limbah Filter Cake

Yulianto, Riesa Adella (2022) Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Oli Bekas Menggunakan Metode Co-Composting Dengan Memanfaatkan Limbah Filter Cake. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya.

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Abstract

Penggunaan oli pada industri untuk perawatan mesin hingga kebutuhan pada bengkel tentu menghasilkan tumpahan oli bekas yang rentan mencemari perairan dan tanah. Salah satu upaya pemulihan yang dapat dilakukan adalah bioremediasi tanah dengan menggunakan metode co composting. Metode ini dapat dijadikan opsi yang tepat dalam teknik bioremediasi karena cukup murah dan ramah lingkungan. Dalam penerapannya, metode ini memanfaatkan jenis limbah yang mampu meningkatkan efektivitas proses composting. Limbah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah limbah filter cake dari pabrik gula. Pemanfaatan limbah filter cake sangat diperlukan karena selain mengurangi penumpukan limbah pada pabrik gula, juga mampu dijadikan sebagai bahan baku untuk composting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memulihkan tanah tercemar oli bekas menggunakan metode co – composting dengan penggunaan bahan baku limbah filter cake. Co – composting dilakukan secara aerobik selama 30 hari dalam skala laboratorium. Variasi penelitian yang digunakan meliputi variasi rasio tanah terkontaminasi oli bekas dengan limbah filter cake (100/0, 65/35, dan 50/50) serta variasi penambahan bioaktivator EM4 sebanyak 0 ml, 20 ml, dan 40 ml. Reaktor yang digunakan pada proses pengomposan sebesar 5 liter dengan berat kompos sebanyak 2 kg. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini antara lain pH, suhu, kadar TPH, rasio C/N, dan rasio BOD/COD. Pengamatan parameter pH dan suhu menggunakan alat soil tester yang dilakukan setiap 3 (tiga) hari, sedangkan untuk pengamatan parameter TPH dengan metode gravimetri, parhitungan kadar BOD dengan metode iodometri secara winkler, perhitungan kadar COD dengan metode refluks tertutup secara titimetri, parameter C-Organik dengan metode gravimetri, dan parameter total N dengan metode kjeldahl dilakukan di awal, tengah, dan akhir penelitian yaitu hari ke-0, hari ke-15, dan hari ke-30. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada rasio tanah 50% dan filter cake 50% mampu mendegradasi TPH secara signifikan. Metode co-composting telah dibuktikan mampu mereduksi konsentrasi TPH pada tanah terkontaminasi oli bekas. Tingkat degradasi TPH maksimum terdapat pada reaktor T50B sebesar 96,50% sedangkan tingkat degradasi TPH minimum terdapat pada reaktor kontrol T100 sebesar 12,77%. Pada reaktor T50B, senyawa hidrokarbon dapat disisihkan dari 7,16% menjadi 0,25% setelah 30 hari co-composting. Kadar TPH tersebut memenuhi baku mutu berdasarkan Kepmen LH No. 128 Tahun 2003 yaitu sebesar 1%. Pada variasi rasio T/F dan penambahan bioaktivator EM4, hasil uji statistik Anova two-way menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara kedua variasi terhadap hasil penurunan kadar TPH dikarenanan nilai P<0,05. Sedangkan, pada variasi interaksi antara rasio T/F dan penambahan bioaktivator EM4, hasil uji statistik Anova two-way menyatakan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh signifikan interaksi antara kedua variasi tersebut terhadap hasil penurunan kadar TPH dikarenakan nilai P>0,05
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The use of oil in industry for engine maintenance to the need for workshops certainly produces used oil spills that are prone to contaminating waters and soil. One of the recovery efforts that can be done is soil bioremediation using the co-composting method. This method can be used as the right option in bioremediation techniques because it is quite cheap and environmentally friendly. In its application, this method utilizes the type of waste that can increase the effectiveness of the composting process. The waste used in this research is filter cake waste from a sugar factory. Utilization of filter cake waste is very necessary because in addition to reducing the accumulation of waste in sugar factories, it can also be used as raw material for composting. This study aims to restore soil contaminated with used oil using the co-composting method with the use of filter cake waste as raw material. Co-composting was carried out aerobically for 30 days on a laboratory scale. The research variations used included variations in the ratio of soil contaminated with used oil with filter cake waste (100/0, 65/35, and 50/50) as well as variations in the addition of 0 ml, 20 ml, and 40 ml of EM4 bioactivator. The reactor used in the composting process is 5 liters with a compost weight of 2 kg. Parameters observed in this study include pH, temperature, TPH levels, C/N ratio, and BOD/COD ratio. Observation of pH and temperature parameters using a soil tester is carried out every 3 (three) days, while for the observation of TPH parameters using the gravimetric method, calculating BOD levels using the iodometric method using Winkler, calculating COD levels using the closed reflux method using titimetry , C-Organic parameters using the gravimetric method, and total N parameters using the Kjeldahl method were carried out at the beginning, middle, and end of the study, namely day 0, day 15, and day 30. The results showed that the ratio of 50% soil and 50% filter cake was able to significantly degrade TPH. The co-composting method proven to be able to reduce the concentration of TPH in soil contaminated with used oil. The maximum TPH degradation rate is found in the T50B reactor of 96.50% while the minimum TPH degradation level is found in the T100 control reactor of 12.77%. In the T50B reactor, hydrocarbon compounds can be removed from 7.16% to 0.25% after 30 days of co-composting. The TPH level meets the quality standard based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 128 of 2003 that is equal to 1%. In the variation of the T/F ratio and the addition of EM4 bioactivator, the results of the two-way Anova statistical test stated that there was a significant effect between the two variations on the results of decreasing TPH levels because the P value <0.05. Meanwhile, in the variation of the interaction between the T/F ratio and the addition of EM4 bioactivator, the results of the two-way Anova statistical test stated that there was no significant effect of the interaction between the two variations on the results of decreasing TPH levels because the P value> 0.05

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSL 628.55 Yul b-1
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Co-Composting, EM4, Filter Cake, Oli Bekas, dan Total Petroleum Hidrokarbon
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD878.47 Soil remediation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	EKO BUDI RAHARJO
Date Deposited:	09 Jan 2023 06:32
Last Modified:	09 Jan 2023 06:32
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/95343

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