Fauzi, Mochamad (2023) Aliran Daya Listrik dan Gas Alam Optimal Terintegrasi secara Dinamis Mempertimbangkan Take-or-Pay Gas dan Energy Storage. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Peningkatan kebutuhan suplai gas alam dalam pembangkitan listrik meningkatkan ketergantungan pada sistem tenaga listrik dan sistem gas alam terintegrasi. Ketergantungan tersebut perlu mempertimbangkan fungsi biaya agar operasi sistem tenaga listrik dengan sistem gas alam dapat berjalan secara optimal. Operasi sistem juga perlu memperhatikan kontrak Take-or-Pay yang berisi kesepakatan pembelian bahan bakar antara perusahaan pembangkit dengan penyedia bahan bakar, sehingga diperlukan optimalisasi pembangkit untuk memperoleh total bahan bakar yang telah disepakati. Di lain sisi, keterbatasan suplai gas alam dapat menyebabkan pembangkit listrik bertenaga gas tidak mencukupi kebutuhan beban listrik saat peak load hours. Penggunaan gas storage pada sistem gas alam dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dengan cara menyimpan gas alam saat off-peak load hours dan menyuplai gas alam saat peak load hours. Selain itu, penggunaan energi baru terbarukan mengalami peningkatan agar ketergantungan terhadap pembangkit listrik bahan bakar fosil dapat diminimalisir. Salah satu energi baru terbarukan yang dapat digunakan secara masif ialah energi surya melalui teknologi photovoltaic. Tantangan penggunaan energi surya melalui teknologi photovoltaic ialah ketidakpastian suplai daya yang dapat menyebabkan fluktuasi tegangan. Namun, permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan energy storage yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap pemerataan model pembangkit khususnya pembangkit bertenaga surya yang ketersediaan suplai dayanya berkurang seiring perubahan irradiasi matahari. Oleh karena itu, Aliran Daya Listrik dan Gas Alam Optimal Terintegrasi secara Dinamis Mempertimbangkan Take-or-Pay Gas dan Energy Storage diperlukan untuk mencapai pengoperasian sistem tenaga listrik dan sistem gas alam terintegrasi secara optimal. Pada penelitian ini, penyelesaian aliran daya dan gas alam optimal dinamis menggunakan Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) diuji melalui sistem tenaga listrik 6 Bus dan sistem IEEE 24 bus. Penambahan BESS dan NGSS dapat mengatasi permasalahan load shedding dan menurunkan biaya operasi sistem hingga 0,98%. Penambahan batasan kontrak TOP dapat meningkatkan biaya operasi sistem hingga 0,05%.
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The increasing demand for natural gas supply in electricity generation increases the dependence on integrated electricity and natural gas systems. This dependence needs to consider the cost function so that the operation of an integrated electricity and natural gas systems can run optimally. System operation also needs to pay attention to the Take-or-Pay contract which contains a fuel purchase agreement between the generator company and the fuel provider, so that it is necessary to optimize the generator to obtain the agreed total fuel. On the other hand, limited supply of natural gas can cause gas-fired power plants to be unable to meet the demand for electricity loads during peak load hours. The use of gas storage in natural gas systems can overcome these problems by storing natural gas during off-peak load hours and supplying natural gas during peak load hours. In addition, the use of new renewable energy has increased so that dependence on fossil fuel power plants can be minimized. One of the new renewable energies that can be used massively is solar energy through photovoltaic technology. The challenge of using solar energy through photovoltaic technology is the uncertainty of power supply which can cause voltage fluctuations. However, this problem can be overcome by using energy storage which can influence the distribution of power generation models, especially solar power plants, where the availability of power supply decreases with changes in solar irradiation. Therefore, Dynamic Optimal Power and Gas Flow Considering Take-or-Pay Gas and Energy Storage is required to achieve optimal operation of the integrated electricity and natural gas systems. In this study, solution of dynamic optimal power and gas flow using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) was tested through a 6-bus electric power system and a 24-bus IEEE system. The addition of BESS and NGSS can overcome load shedding problems and reduce operation costs by up to 0.98%. Adding TOP contract limits can increase operation costs by up to 0.05%.
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