Recovery Amonia dan Sulfat dari Air Limbah PT Petrokimia Gresik dengan Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

Naadhif, Muhammad Ainun (2023) Recovery Amonia dan Sulfat dari Air Limbah PT Petrokimia Gresik dengan Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pencemaran nitrogen ke lingkungan dapat mengakibatkan masalah pada ekosistem makhluk hidup yang ada di dalamnya. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan mengontrol pelepasan nitrogen ke lingkungan. Sumber pencemaran nitrogen terbesar berasal dari limbah industri, salah satunya yaitu air limbah PT Petrokimia Gresik. Pengolahan air limbah di PT Petrokimia Gresik masih dilakukan secara konvensional. Dengan kandungan amonia dan sulfat yang tinggi, terdapat potensi untuk recovery yang dapat berdampak positif dari segi lingkungan maupun finansial. Hasil recovery dapat digunakan kembali sebagai bahan baku produksi ataupun dijual ke pihak lain. Dalam melakukan upaya recovery, teknologi yang dapat diterapkan yaitu Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (BMED). BMED merupakan proses elektrodialisis dengan menggunakan Bipolar Exchange Membranes (BPMs), Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs), dan Cation Exchange Membranes (CEMs). Faktor yang mempengaruhi proses BMED di antaranya yaitu tegangan dan pH. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan tegangan dan pH yang efektif, serta kebutuhan energi yang dibutuhkan dalam proses recovery amonia dan sulfat dengan BMED. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan reaktor yang terdiri dari 5 kompartemen yang dihubungkan dengan DC Power Supply. Elektrode yang digunakan yaitu platina sebagai anoda dan stainless steel sebagai katoda. Dari reaktor tersebut, BPMs memecah air menjadi ion hidrogen dan ion hidroksida dari deionized water yang dialirkan pada kompartemen 2 dan 4. AEMs melewatkan SO42- sedangkan CEMs melewatkan NH4+ yang masing-masing terkandung dari larutan feed berupa air limbah PT Petrokimia Gresik yang dilewatkan pada kompartemen 3. Di kompartemen 1 dan 5 dialirkan electrode rinse solution berupa natrium sulfat. Dalam penelitian pendahuluan, dicari kecepatan aliran optimal pada proses BMED dengan mempertimbangkan pH limbah dan kestabilan tegangan. Selain itu, ditentukan waktu operasi dalam proses BMED. Pada penelitian utama digunakan variabel berupa tegangan sebesar 20 V, 30 V, dan 40 V serta pH sebesar 7 (±0,1), 8 (±0,1), dan 9 (±0,1). Pada tiap jam proses running, dilakukan pengukuran pH, arus listrik, NH4+, SO42-, dan F−. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan variasi pH dan tegangan paling efektif dalam melakukan recovery amonia dan sulfat adalah variasi pH 7 (±0,1) dengan tegangan 40 V. Recovery yang dihasilkan dari variasi tersebut yaitu amonium sebesar 50,56% dan sulfat sebesar 11,11%. Selain itu, variasi ini memiliki efisiensi tegangan tertinggi yaitu sebesar 52,16%. Konsumsi energi yang dibutuhkan per kg produk pada variasi ini juga memiliki nilai yang paling efisien yaitu 64,25 kWh/kg amonium dan 47,86 kWh/kg sulfat.
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Nitrogen pollution in the environment can cause problems for the ecosystem and the living creatures within it. This can be mitigated by controlling the release of nitrogen into the environment. The biggest source of nitrogen pollution comes from industrial waste, such as the wastewater from PT Petrokimia Gresik. This wastewater is currently treated through conventional means, but its high ammonia and sulfate content could be recovered, which wouldhave positive environmental and financial impacts. The recovered material could be reused as a raw material for production or sold to other parties. The technology that can be applied for this recovery effort is called Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (BMED), which uses Bipolar Exchange Membranes (BPMs), Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs), and Cation Exchange Membranes (CEMs). Factors that affect the BMED process include voltage and pH. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the effective voltage and pH, as well as the energy requirements for the recovery process of ammonia and sulfate using BMED. In this research, a reactor consisting of 5 compartments connected to a DC Power Supply was used. Platinum was used as the anode and stainless steel was used as the cathode. BPMs would break down water into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions from deionized water that was passed through compartments 2 and 4. AEMs would pass SO42- while CEMs would pass NH4+ from the feed solution consisting of the wastewater from PT Petrokimia Gresik, which was passed through compartment 3. In compartments 1 and 5, electrode rinse solution in the form of sodium sulfate was passed. In the preliminary research, the optimal flow rate for the BMED process was determined by considering the wastewater pH and voltage stability. Additionally, the operating time for the BMED process was also determined. In the main research, variables such as voltage of 20 V, 30 V, and 40 V and pH of 7 (±0.1), 8 (±0.1), and 9 (±0.1) were used. At every hour, pH, electric current, NH4+, SO42-, and F- were measured. The results of this research showed that the most effective pH and voltage variation for the recovery of ammonia and sulfate was pH 7 ± (0.1) with a voltage of 40 V. This variation resulted in a recovery of 50.56% for ammonia and 11.11% for sulfate. It also had the highest voltage efficiency at 52.16%. In terms of energy consumption per kilogram of product, this variation also had the most efficient value at 64.25 kWh/kg ammonia and 47.86 kWh/kg sulfate.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD480.5 Electrodialysis T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP255 Electrochemistry, Industrial.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Ainun Naadhif
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2023 07:08
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2023 07:08
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/99519

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