Kajian Teknik Bioaugmentasi Dan Biostimulasi Untuk Mendegradasi Tumpahan Minyak Mentah Di Lingkungan Laut

Bahriansyah, Rizal Jamil (2022) Kajian Teknik Bioaugmentasi Dan Biostimulasi Untuk Mendegradasi Tumpahan Minyak Mentah Di Lingkungan Laut. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Lingkungan laut menjadi lokasi yang sering terdampak tumpahan minyak, baik pada proses produksi maupun distribusi. Penanganan tumpahan minyak seringkali diawali oleh metode fisik kimia untuk melokalisir pencemaran. Diketahui bahwa metode fisik kimia tidak dapat menyisihkan minyak mentah secara tuntas, dan menghasilkan produk olahan yang memerlukan penanganan lanjutan. Oleh karena itu metode bioaugmentasi dan biostimulasi menjadi alternatif penanganan tumpahan minyak mentah di lingkungan laut. Metode bioremediasi dapat mendegradasi minyak mentah secara efektif dan efisien, serta tidak menghasilkan produk yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Tujuan dari studi literatur ini untuk mendapatkan teori-teori yang relevan terkait penambahan kultur mikroba dan variasinya, serta pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrien pada metode bioaugmentasi dan biostimulasi tumpahan minyak mentah. Penelitian terdahulu mengungkapkan jika biodegradasi tumpahan minyak mentah menggunakan metode bioaugmentasi dan biostimulasi tersebut dapat mencapai 80% hingga 95%. Kecepatan dan efektifitas biodegradasi bergantung pada konsentrasi pencemar, jenis bakteri, dan faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhinya. Data hasil penelitian terdahulu, didapatkan dari penelusuran website penyedia literatur dengan kata kunci yang berkaitan dengan topik pembahasan. Dilakukan tabulasi data dan dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Mendeley Desktop. Hasil analisis data disusun menjadi kajian literatur dan diterapkan pada studi kasus tumpahan minyak mentah Teluk Balikpapan 2018 dan Southern California 2021. Proses bioaugmentasi lebih efektif menggunakan konsorsium bakteri dengan karakteristik
metabolisme yang beragam. Metode Two Stage Bioaugmentation Strategy (TSBS) sangat potensial untuk menjaga laju biodegradasi agar tetap tinggi. Biostimulasi dilakukan dahulu sebelum bioaugmentasi untuk menstimulasi pertumbuhan bakteri indigen. Proses biostimulasi dilakukan dengan penambahan makronutrien dengan rasio C:N:P adalah 100:10:1 yang bersumber dari pupuk urea, superphosphate, Mono Ammonium Phosphate, dan juga Osmocote. Tidak dilakukan penambahan mikronutrien secara khusus karena minyak mentah, air laut, dan pupuk yang ditambahkan terkandung unsur mikronutrien yang dibutuhkan bakteri. Karakteristik Teluk Balikpapan merupakan perairan semi tertutup, sehingga laju washout cenderung kecil dibanding Southern California yang langsung berbatasan dengan Samudera Pasifik. Diperkirakan proses bioremediasi di Teluk Balikpapan berlangsung lebih lama dibanding kasus Southern California 2021. Beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan pada proses bioaugmentasi dan biostimulasi seperti kesesuaian dan kerapatan sel bakteri, jenis pupuk, dan teknik penerapannya.
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The marine environment is often affected by oil spills, both in the production and distribution processes. Handling of oil spills is often preceded by physical and chemical methods to localize the contamination. It is known that the physicochemical method can't completely remove crude oil, and produces refined products that require further handling. Therefore, bioaugmentation and biostimulation methods are an alternative for handling crude oil spills in the marine environment. The bioremediation method can degrade crude oil effectively and efficiently and doesn’t produce by products that are harmful to the environment. This literature study aims to obtain relevant theories regarding the addition of microbial cultures and their variations, as well as the fulfillment of nutrient requirements in the crude oil biodegradation process using bioaugmentation and biostimulation methods. Previous studies have revealed that the iodegradation of crude oil spills using the bioaugmentation and biostimulation method can reach 80% to 95%. The effectiveness and rate of biodegradation depend on the concentration of the pollutant, type of bacteria, and several environmental factors. Previous research was obtained from searching literature website providers with keywords related to the topic of discussion. Data tabulation was performed and analyzed using the Mendeley Desktop application. The results of the data analysis were compiled into a literature review and applied to case studies of the 2018 Balikpapan Bay and 2021 Southern California crude oil spill. Bioaugmentation is more effective using bacteria consortium with diverse metabolic characteristics. The Two-Stage Bioaugmentation Strategy (TSBS) was the potential method to maintain a high rate of biodegradation. Biostimulation is carried out before bioaugmentation to stimulate the growth of indigenous bacteria. The biostimulation process was carried out by adding macronutrients with a C:N:P ratio of 100:10:1 sourced from Urea, Superphosphate, Mono Ammonium Phosphate, and Osmocote fertilizers. No specific micronutrients were added because the crude oil, seawater, and added fertilizers contained micronutrients needed by bacteria. The characteristics of Balikpapan Bay are semi-enclosed waters, so the rate of movement tends to be small compared to Southern California which is directly facing the Pacific Ocean. It is estimated that the bioremediation process in Balikpapan Bay will take longer than Southern California. Several factors need to be considered in the bioaugmentation and biostimulation process, such as the adjustment and density of bacterial cells, types of fertilizers, and their application techniques

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSL 628.55 Bah k-1 2022
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bioaugmentasi, Biostimulasi, Lingkungan Laut, Remediasi, Tumpahan Minyak Mentah, Bioaugmentation, Biostimulation, Crude Oil Spill, Marine Environment, Remediation
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD878.47 Soil remediation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Mr. Marsudiyana -
Date Deposited:	29 Nov 2024 07:35
Last Modified:	29 Nov 2024 07:35
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/115865

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