Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Variasi Metode Pelukisan Sudu Impeller terhadap Performa Pompa Sentrifugal Semi Open Impeller

Aruan, Gloria Marstella (2025) Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Variasi Metode Pelukisan Sudu Impeller terhadap Performa Pompa Sentrifugal Semi Open Impeller. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pompa adalah suatu peralatan mekanis yang digunakan untuk memindahkan fluida cair (liquid) dari tempat yang bertekanan rendah ke tempat yang bertekanan tinggi. Salah satu jenis pompa yang banyak digunakan dalam dunia industri adalah pompa sentrifugal. Prinsip kerja pompa sentrifugal adalah memanfaatkan kenaikan energi kecepatan (velocity head) untuk memindahkan fluida. Kenaikan velocity head dihasilkan oleh impeller yang berputar karena adanya energi mekanik dari luar yang mengakibatkan fluida yang mengenai impeller mendapatkan percepatan sehingga energi kinetik dari fluida meningkat dan berubah menjadi energi potensial yang menyebabkan fluida berpindah.Impeller berdasarkan bentuknya dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu open impeller, semi-open impeller, dan closed impeller. Ketiga jenis impeller tersebut memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dalam menangani fluida kerja. Viskositas atau kekentalan fluida kerja mempengaruhi performa kerja pompa. Semi open impeller adalah jenis impeller yang cocok digunakan untuk melayani fluida dengan viskositas tinggi. Penelitian mengenai pengaruh desain dan jenis impeller dalam melayani fluida kerja berviskositas tinggi telah banyak dilakukan tetapi terbatas pada penelitian secara numerik. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian tugas akhir dengan judul “Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Variasi Metode Pelukisan Sudu Impeller terhadap Performa Pompa Sentrifugal Semi Open Impeller”. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan membandingkan performa closed impeller dan semi-open impeller pada dua fluida kerja: air dan molase (viskositas 54 cP). Impeller dirancang menggunakan SolidWorks dan dimanufaktur dengan 3D printing berbahan PLA. Parameter performa (head efektif, kapasitas, daya input, efisiensi) diukur melalui instalasi uji dengan variasi bukaan globe valve (0–100%). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa untuk fluida air, closed impeller menghasilkan performa terbaik (efisiensi 71,49%, head 17,27 m) karena desain shroud ganda yang meminimalkan kerugian hidrolis. Sementara untuk fluida molasse, semi-open impeller metode Single Arc mencapai efisiensi tertinggi (46,67%) pada kapasitas penuh akibat wrap angle terkecil (88,92°) yang mengurangi gesekan fluida viscous. Secara umum, metode Single Arc unggul untuk fluida viscous, sedangkan Circular Arc (wrap angle 166,54°) berkinerja terendah akibat jalur aliran panjang. Pemilihan metode pelukisan sudu dan jenis impeller harus disesuaikan dengan karakteristik fluida dan rentang kapasitas operasi.
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A pump is a mechanical device used to transfer liquid fluid from a low-pressure area to a high-pressure area. One of the most commonly used types of pumps in the industrial world is the centrifugal pump. The working principle of a centrifugal pump is based on utilizing an increase in velocity head to move the fluid. This increase in velocity head is generated by the impeller, which rotates due to mechanical energy from an external source. As the fluid comes into contact with the impeller, it is accelerated, causing its kinetic energy to increase and convert into potential energy, which enables the fluid to be transported. Based on their shape, impellers are classified into three types: open impeller, semi-open impeller, and closed impeller. Each of these impeller types has different characteristics in handling working fluids. The viscosity, or thickness, of the fluid affects the pump’s performance. Semi-open impellers are suitable for handling high-viscosity fluids. Research on the influence of impeller design and type on the performance of pumps handling viscous fluids has been widely conducted but is mostly limited to numerical studies. Therefore, this final project was conducted under the title: “Experimental Study on the Effect of Impeller Vane Sketching Method Variations on the Performance of a Semi-Open Impeller Centrifugal Pump.” The experiment was carried out by comparing the performance of a closed impeller and a semi-open impeller using two working fluids: water and molasses (viscosity 54 cP). The impellers were designed using SolidWorks and manufactured using 3D printing with PLA (Polylactic Acid) material. Performance parameters—effective head, capacity, input power, and efficiency—were measured using a pump test rig with varying globe valve openings (0–100%). The results showed that for water, the closed impeller produced the best performance (efficiency of 71.49%, head of 17.27 m) due to its dual-shroud design, which minimizes hydraulic losses. For molasses, the semi-open impeller using the Single Arc method achieved the highest efficiency (46.67%) at full capacity, owing to the smallest wrap angle (88.92°), which reduces friction with the viscous fluid. Overall, the Single Arc method performed best for viscous fluids, while the Circular Arc method (wrap angle 166.54°) showed the lowest performance due to the longer flow path. The selection of vane sketching method and impeller type must be aligned with the fluid characteristics and operating capacity range to optimize pump performance.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pompa sentrifugal, semi open impeller, metode pelukisan sudu, 3D printing, viskositas, efisiensi, Centrifugal pump, semi-open impeller, blade painting method,viscosity, efficiency.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ903 Pumping machinery. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ919 Centrifugal pumps--Design and construction. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP370 Food processing and manufacture T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS183 Manufacturing processes. Lean manufacturing.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Gloria Marstella Aruan
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2025 02:25
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2025 02:25
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/123009

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