Penerapan Critical Path Method untuk Efisiensi Biaya Reparasi Tugboat

Alfurrohmat, Adin Alfurrohmat (2026) Penerapan Critical Path Method untuk Efisiensi Biaya Reparasi Tugboat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Docking dan special survey merupakan kegiatan pemeliharaan yang bersifat wajib untuk memastikan kelaiklautan dan keberlanjutan kelas kapal. Pada praktiknya, pekerjaan docking repair tugboat memiliki karakteristik ketidakpastian yang tinggi (as-found condition), melibatkan banyak disiplin pekerjaan, serta memiliki ketergantungan antar-aktivitas yang kompleks sehingga pengendalian waktu dan biaya menjadi isu manajerial yang dominan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan Critical Path Method (CPM) sebagai pendekatan penjadwalan berbasis jaringan untuk mengidentifikasi aktivitas pengunci (bottleneck), menyusun urutan kerja yang lebih logis, serta mengevaluasi konsekuensi efisiensi biaya–waktu pada proyek reparasi tugboat di PT Pelindo Surabaya. Data penelitian bersumber dari dokumen perencanaan anggaran biaya dan penjadwalan pekerjaan yang memuat daftar pekerjaan dan durasi rencana. Work Breakdown Structure dan hubungan ketergantungan antar-aktivitas dimodelkan menjadi jaringan kerja CPM, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan Early Start (ES), Early Finish (EF), Late Start (LS), Late Finish (LF), serta slack/float untuk memperoleh jalur kritis dan durasi proyek minimum pada tingkat rencana. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa baseline perencanaan pekerjaan menetapkan durasi 55 hari dengan biaya rencana Rp 515.814.125, sedangkan penjadwalan berbasis CPM menghasilkan durasi total 45 hari (percepatan 10 hari atau sekitar 18,18%). Percepatan ini dicapai melalui optimalisasi urutan kerja dan pemanfaatan paralelisasi aktivitas non-kritis, dengan prasyarat disiplin eksekusi yang ketat pada aktivitas jalur kritis. Dari sisi biaya, skenario rencana berbasis CPM berpotensi meningkatkan biaya langsung akibat kebutuhan konsentrasi sumber daya (misalnya penambahan intensitas kerja, pengaturan ulang tenaga/alat, atau percepatan pengadaan), sehingga terjadi trade-off dimana durasi lebih singkat dengan kecenderungan biaya lebih tinggi. Luaran penelitian ini adalah model jaringan CPM dan kalkulator perhitungan CPM berbasis spreadsheet sebagai perangkat bantu pengambilan keputusan penjadwalan pada proyek docking/special survey.
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Docking and special survey are mandatory maintenance activities to ensure a vessel’s seaworthiness and the continuity of its classification status. In practice, tugboat docking repair works are characterized by a high level of uncertainty due to as-found conditions, involve multiple technical disciplines, and exhibit complex interdependencies among activities. Consequently, time and cost control become dominant managerial concerns. This study aims to apply the Critical Path Method (CPM) as a network-based scheduling approach to identify bottleneck activities, establish a more logical work sequence, and evaluate time–cost efficiency trade-offs in a tugboat repair project at PT Pelindo Surabaya. The research data are derived from project planning documents, including the cost estimate and work schedule, which contain the list of activities and their planned durations. The Work Breakdown Structure and inter-activity dependencies are modeled into a CPM network, followed by the calculation of Early Start (ES), Early Finish (EF), Late Start (LS), Late Finish (LF), and slack/float to determine the critical path and the minimum planned project duration. The modeling results indicate that the baseline plan sets a project duration of 55 days with a planned cost of IDR 515,814,125, whereas the CPM-based schedule produces a total duration of 45 days, representing an acceleration of 10 days (approximately 18.18%). This acceleration is achieved through optimization of work sequencing and the parallelization of non-critical activities, subject to strict execution discipline on critical-path activities. From a cost perspective, the CPM-based scenario may increase direct costs due to higher resource concentration requirements (such as increased work intensity, reallocation of labor and equipment, or expedited procurement), leading to a trade-off in which a shorter duration tends to be associated with higher costs. The outputs of this study consist of a CPM network model and a spreadsheet-based CPM calculation tool, intended to support scheduling decision-making in docking and special survey projects.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Critical Path Method (CPM), Efisiensi Biaya, Reparasi Kapal, Tugboat, Critical Path Method, Cost Efficiency, Ship Repair
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HF Commerce > HF5686.C8 Activity-based costing T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ174 Maintenance and repair of machinery V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM464 Towboats. Tugboats
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Adin Alfurrohmat
Date Deposited:	06 Feb 2026 04:29
Last Modified:	06 Feb 2026 04:29
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/131957

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