Putri, Riska Ayu Ramadhana and Valentino, Rafi F. J. (2026) Pengembangan Double Network Hydrogel Berbasis K-Carrageenan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol/Hydroxyapatite : Studi Rasio Blending Terhadap Sifat Fisik, Kimia, Antibakteri, dan Bioaktivitas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Cedera osteokondral pada lutut melibatkan kerusakan tulang rawan artikular dan tulang subkondral, yang umumnya disebabkan oleh trauma atau aktivitas olahraga serta dapat berkembang menjadi nyeri kronis, gangguan fungsi, dan percepatan osteoartritis. Di Indonesia, gangguan muskuloskeletal mencapai 7,3%, dengan keluhan lutut sebagai cedera tersering kedua. Meskipun terapi autograft dan allograft telah digunakan secara klinis, efektivitasnya masih terbatas akibat morbiditas donor dan rendahnya integrasi jaringan, sehingga diperlukan material biomimetik yang mampu mendukung regenerasi osteokondral jangka panjang. Dalam penelitian ini, dikembangkan double network (DN) hydrogel berbasis oxidized κ-carrageenan (OKC) dan polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) yang diperkuat dengan hidroksiapatit (HAp) yang berasal dari limbah cangkang rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) untuk meningkatkan osteokonduktivitas, bioaktivitas, dan performa mekanik. Analisis FTIR mengonfirmasi keberhasilan sintesis melalui terbentuknya ikatan kovalen dinamis ganda, yaitu Schiff base antara OKC-kolagen dan borate-diol antara PVA-boraks. Secara fisikokimia, peningkatan komposisi PVA menaikkan volumetric swelling hingga 118%, sedangkan penambahan HAp berfungsi menekan swelling hingga 103% dan menstabilkan laju degradasi. Sebaliknya, peningkatan OKC sedikit mempercepat laju degradasi hidrolitik matriks. Kombinasi ikatan dinamis tersebut memberikan kemampuan self-healing secara otonom tanpa intervensi eksternal. Pada pengujian in vitro, hidrogel terbukti bioaktif yang ditandai oleh lonjakan presipitasi lapisan apatite setelah 14 hari direndam dalam Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Pengujian antibakteri membuktikan material ini memiliki spektrum hambat yang luas, di mana rasio optimal OKC (6/2/5) menghasilkan zona hambat 13 mm terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan 10,4 mm terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, Bilayer DN hydrogel OKC/PVA/HAp memiliki potensi sebagai scaffold biomimetik tangguh dan anti-infeksi untuk perbaikan jaringan osteokondral pada lutut
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Osteochondral injuries of the knee involve simultaneous damage to articular cartilage andsubchondral bone, frequently caused by trauma or sports-related activities and often leading tochronic pain, functional impairment, and accelerated osteoarthritis. In Indonesia, musculoskeletaldisorders account for 7.3% of health complaints, with knee injuries being the second mostfrequent. Although autograft and allograft therapies are clinically applied, their effectiveness islimited by donor-site morbidity and poor tissue integration, highlighting the need for biomimeticmaterials capable of supporting long-term osteochondral regeneration. In this study, a doublenetwork (DN) of hydrogel based on oxidized κ-carrageenan (OKC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)was developed which is strengthened with hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from crab shell waste(Portunus pelagicus) to improve osteoconductivity, bioactivity, and mechanical performance.FTIR analysis confirmed the success of the synthesis through the formation of double dynamiccovalent bonds, namely Schiff base (between OKC-collagen) and borate-diol (PVA-borax).Physicochemically, increasing the composition of PVA increases the volumetric swelling by upto 118%, while the addition of HAp functions to suppress swelling by up to 103% and stabilizethe degradation rate. In contrast, the increase in OKC slightly accelerates the rate of matrixhydrolytic degradation. The combination of these dynamic bonds provides the ability to self-healautonomously without external intervention. In vitro testing, the hydrogel proved to be bioactivewhich was characterized by a surge in precipitation of the apatite layer after 14 days of immersionin Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Antibacterial testing proved that this material has a wideinhibitory spectrum, where the optimal ratio of OKC (6/2/5) resulted in an inhibition zone of 13mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 10.4 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Based on theresult, bilayer DN hydrogel OKC/PVA/HAp has the potential as a robust and anti-infectionbiomimetic scaffold for osteochondral tissue repair in the knee.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Double network, Hidrogel, Hidroksiapatit, Oxidized κ-carrageenan, Polyvinyl alcohol, Double network, Hydrogel, Hydroxyapatite, Oxidized κ-carrageenan, Polyvinyl alcohol |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248 Nanogels. Nanoparticles. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology |
| Depositing User: | Riska Ayu Ramadana Putri |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 01:08 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 01:08 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136633 |
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- Pengembangan Double Network Hydrogel Berbasis K-Carrageenan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol/Hydroxyapatite : Studi Rasio Blending Terhadap Sifat Fisik, Kimia, Antibakteri, dan Bioaktivitas. (deposited 24 Jul 2026 01:08) [Currently Displayed]
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