Kuswandi, Albeta Rayno Ananta (2026) Rancang Bangun Model Scale Sistem Kendali Otomatis Mesin Penghisap Aerosol untuk Keamanan Dokter Gigi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Praktik kedokteran gigi menghasilkan bioaerosol yang berpotensi membawa bakteri, virus, dan partikel berbahaya sehingga meningkatkan risiko penularan penyakit melalui udara. Penggunaan Extraoral Suction (EOS) telah menjadi salah satu metode untuk mengurangi penyebaran bioaerosol, namun sistem EOS konvensional masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, yaitu pengoperasian yang dilakukan secara manual sehingga kurang ergonomis, konsumsi energi yang tinggi akibat motor bekerja terus-menerus pada kecepatan maksimum, serta tidak tersedianya sistem pemantauan kondisi filter yang dapat mendeteksi penyumbatan. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menurunkan efektivitas proses penyedotan aerosol dan mengurangi tingkat keamanan dokter gigi selama melakukan tindakan perawatan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini merancang dan membangun model scale sistem kendali otomatis mesin penghisap aerosol berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Sistem memanfaatkan sensor ultrasonik JSN-SR04T sebagai pendeteksi jarak antara alat dengan pasien untuk mengatur kecepatan motor Brushless DC (BLDC) menggunakan metode Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) berbasis logika aturan (rule-based control). Selain itu, dua sensor tekanan udara HX710B digunakan untuk memonitor perbedaan tekanan (pressure drop) sebelum dan sesudah filter HEPA sebagai indikator tingkat penyumbatan filter. Sistem juga dilengkapi relay untuk pengendalian lampu UV-C dan LCD sebagai media monitoring kondisi operasi secara real-time. Hasil perancangan menunjukkan bahwa sistem kendali mampu bekerja sesuai dengan logika yang dirancang, yaitu mengatur perubahan kecepatan motor secara otomatis berdasarkan jarak objek, dengan motor beroperasi pada kecepatan maksimum saat objek berada pada rentang 20–30 cm, kemudian beralih ke kondisi siaga atau berhenti ketika jarak melebihi 40 cm. Sistem monitoring filter juga mampu mendeteksi perubahan tekanan sebagai indikator penyumbatan filter sehingga dapat memberikan informasi kondisi filter kepada pengguna. Integrasi sistem kendali otomatis dan monitoring filter pada model scale ini menghasilkan pengoperasian mesin yang lebih responsif, efisien dalam penggunaan energi, serta meningkatkan keandalan alat sebagai pendukung pengendalian bioaerosol di lingkungan praktik kedokteran gigi
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Dental practice generates bioaerosols that may carry bacteria, viruses, and harmful particles, thereby increasing the risk of airborne disease transmission. The use of Extraoral Suction (EOS) has become one method to reduce the spread of bioaerosols; however, conventional EOS systems still have several drawbacks, namely manual operation—which is less ergonomic—high energy consumption due to the motor running continuously at maximum speed, and the lack of a filter condition monitoring system capable of detecting clogs. These conditions have the potential to reduce the effectiveness of the aerosol suction process and compromise the safety of dentists during treatment procedures. To address these issues, this study designed and built a scaled-down model of an automated control system for an aerosol suction machine based on an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system utilizes a JSN-SR04T ultrasonic sensor to detect the distance between the device and the patient, thereby regulating the speed of the brushless DC (BLDC) motor using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) based on rule-based control logic. In addition, two HX710B air pressure sensors are used to monitor the pressure difference (pressure drop) before and after the HEPA filter as an indicator of the filter’s clogging level. The system is also equipped with a relay to control the UV-C lamp and an LCD display to monitor operating conditions in real time. The design results show that the control system is capable of operating according to the designed logic, namely automatically adjusting the motor speed based on the distance to the object, with the motor operating at maximum speed when the object is within a range of 20–30 cm, then switching to standby mode or stopping when the distance exceeds 40 cm. The filter monitoring system is also capable of detecting changes in pressure as an indicator of filter clogging, thereby providing the user with information on the filter’s condition. The integration of the automatic control system and filter monitoring in this scale model results in more responsive machine operation, greater energy efficiency, and improved reliability of the device as a tool for controlling bioaerosols in dental practice settings.
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