Prasanti, Farah Aulia (2019) Penurunan Konsentrasi Polutan Pada Air Limbah Pencucian Mobil Menggunakan Media Kapur-Semen. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Tingginya penggunaan kendaraan bermotor terutama mobil menjadikan bisnis usaha pencucian mobil banyak didirikan. Usaha pencucian mobil kini banyak ditemukan di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Dalam praktiknya, dibutuhkan bahan pembersih untuk membersihkan bagian-bagian mobil. Air limbah yang dihasilkan dari pencucian mobil dapat dipastikan mengandung zat kimia pembersih dan kotoran dari bagian-bagian mobil itu sendiri. Pembuangan air limbah pencucian mobil yang tidak diolah terlebih dahulu dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan. Air limbah pencucian mobil memiliki kandungan surfaktan yang merupakan komponen utama pada bahan pembersih. Apabila air limbah pencucian mobil ini langsung dibuang pada saluran yang menuju badan air maka dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas badan air. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu alternatif teknologi pengolahan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengolah air limbah pencucian mobil sebelum dibuang ke saluran yang menuju badan air. Salah satu alternatif teknologi pengolahan yang dapat digunakan adalah media kapur-semen sebagai media artifisial. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji media kapur-semen sebagai media artifisial dalam menurunkan konsentrasi polutan pada air limbah pencucian mobil. Pada penelitian ini, sampel air limbah pencucian mobil diambil dari salah satu usaha pencucian mobil di Sidoarjo. Penelitian diawali dengan karakterisasi air limbah pencucian mobil tersebut. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi surfaktan, TSS, pH, COD, serta minyak dan lemak. Selanjutnya dilakukan penelitian pendahuluan secara batch menggunakan jar test. Media kapur-semen dibuat dengan variasi rasio 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, dan 6:1. Penelitian pendahuluan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rasio media kapur-semen yang nantinya akan digunakan untuk penelitian utama. Proses operasional reaktor dalam penelitian utama dilakukan secara continuous dengan variasi waktu detensi 6 jam, 7 jam, dan 8 jam serta dilanjutkan dengan proses pengendapan selama 4 jam. Selain itu, variasi yang digunakan adalah variasi diameter media kapur-semen sebesar 1 cm, 1,5 cm, dan 2 cm. Hasil karakterisasi air limbah pencucian mobil memiliki kandungan surfaktan sebesar 20,36 mg/L, TSS sebesar 132 mg/L, pH sebesar 7,70, COD sebesar 520 mg/L, serta minyak dan lemak sebesar 18 mg/L. Rasio kapur-semen yang dipilih untuk digunakan pada penelitian utama berdasarkan penelitian pendahuluan adalah 1:1. Hasil penelitian utama yang didapatkan yaitu efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi surfaktan, COD, serta minyak dan lemak yang terbaik yaitu pada penggunaan media kapur-semen dengan diameter 1 cm dan waktu operasional 12 jam. Persentase penurunan konsentrasi surfaktan yang didapatkan sebesar 87,77%, COD sebesar 79,31%, serta minyak dan lemak sebesar 80,00%. Adapun untuk efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi TSS yang terbaik didapatkan dari penggunaan media kapur-semen dengan diameter 2 cm dan waktu operasional 10 jam yaitu sebesar 38,24%. ================================================================================================================================
The high used of vehicles, especially cars, has made the business of car washing widely established. Car washing businesses are now found in various regions in Indonesia. Cleaning agents are needed in the process of car washing. Wastewater that generated from car washing can certainly contain any chemical substances and dirt from the parts of the car itself. Disposal of non-processed car wash wastewater can cause problems for the environment. Car wash wastewater contains surfactants which are the main component of cleaning agents. If the car wash wastewater is directly disharged on the channel leading to water bodies, it can cause a decrease in the quality of water bodies. Therefore, an alternative treatment is needed that can be used to treat car wash wastewater before being discharged into the channel leading to the water bodies. One alternative treatment that can be used is lime-cement media as an artificial medium. This research was conducted to study about lime-cement media as an artificial medium in reducing the concentration of pollutants in car wash wastewater. In this study, samples of car wash wastewater were taken from one of the car wash businesses in Sidoarjo. The research will begin with the characterization of car wash wastewater. The parameters analyzed included surfactant, TSS, pH, COD, oil and grease. Next, a preliminary study is carried out in batch using the jar test. Lime-cement media is made with various in ratio of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, and 6:1. This preliminary study aims to obtain a ratio of lime-cement media which will later be used for the main research. The operational process of reactor in the main research was carried out continuously with variations in detention time of 6 hours, 7 hours, and 8 hours, continued with sedimentation process for 4 hours, and also variations in diameter of the lime-cement media 1 cm, 1,5 cm, and 2 cm. The results of car wash wastewater characterization are 20,36 mg/L of surfactant, 132 mg/L of TSS, pH 7,70, 520 mg/L of COD, and 18 mg/L of oil and grease. The lime-cement ratio that chosen for use in the main study based on preliminary research is 1:1. The main research results obtained that the best efficiency of decreasing surfactant, COD, and also oil and grease concentration was from the use of lime-cement media with a diameter of 1 cm and at 12 hours operational time. It was able to reduce the concentration of surfactant by 87,77%, COD by 79,31%, and also oil and grease by 80,00%. But, the best efficiency of decreasing TSS concentration was from the use of lime-cement media with a diameter of 2 cm and at 10 hours operational time. It was able to reduce the concentration of TSS by 38,24%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RSL 628.3 Pra p-1 2019 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | air limbah, COD, kapur, minyak dan lemak, pencucian mobil, pH, semen, surfaktan, TSS |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD455 Chemical precipitation. Coagulation. Flocculation. Water--Purification--Flocculation. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses |
| Depositing User: | Farah Aulia Prasanti |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Apr 2024 02:57 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Apr 2024 02:57 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/65906 |
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