Nurwijayanti, Lifa (2019) Pemanfaatan Limbah Gypsum Dalam Recovery Fosfat Dari Limbah Cair Industri Pupuk Menggunakan Reaktor Fluidized Bed. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Industri pupuk menghasilkan produk samping berupa limbah gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) yang melimpah sebesar 1.250.000 ton/tahun. Kandungan kalsium dalam limbah gypsum sebesar 28,52%. Pemanfaatan kembali limbah gypsum yang telah dilakukan oleh Industri pupuk masih menyisakan residu gypsum dalam jumlah besar. Industri pupuk juga menghasilkan limbah cair dengan konsentrasi fosfat yang tinggi mencapai 1800 mg/l yang harus disisihkan atau direcovery sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan agar tidak terjadi eutrofikasi. Pemanfaatan limbah gypsum Industri pupuk telah dilakukan pada penelitian terdahulu untuk merecovery fosfat dengan presipitasi kimia. Penelitian lain menyatakan recovery fosfat mencapai 76,5% yang dilakukan dengan kristalisasi kalsium fosfat pada Fluidized bed. Faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan kristal ialah seed material dan kecepatan aliran yang masuk ke dalam reaktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji seed material gypsum yang efektif, kecepatan aliran yang optimum dan menganalisis morfologi, komposisi serta struktur kristal kalsium fosfat yang terbentuk. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan sistem kontinu menggunakan reaktor Fluidized Bed tiga kompartemen. Variabel yang digunakan adalah variasi seed material dengan gypsum komersil dan limbah gypsum Industri pupuk; dan kecepatan aliran influen sebesar 1,70x10-3 m/s; 2,55x10-3 m/s dan 3,40x10-3 m/s. Limbah gypsum dan gypsum komersil berfungsi sebagai seed material sekaligus sumber kalsium, sedangkan variasi tanpa seed menggunakan presipitan CaCl2 dengan rasio molar [Ca2+] : [PO4-] sebesar 1,67 : 1 pada kondisi pH awal limbah 8,5±0,2. Proses pengolahan air limbah berlangsung bervariasi tiap jenis seed material. Waktu operasi seed material limbah gypsum, gypsum komersil dan tanpa seed sebesar 130 menit; 130 menit; 170 menit. Pada penelitian ini diamati tekanan pada reaktor, tinggi ekspansi bed dan kecepatan aliran. Analisis kuantitatif terhadap efluen meliputi parameter uji yaitu, pH, TSS, COD, Konsentrasi Kalsium, Fosfat, Silika dan Fluor. Morfologi dan komposisi kristal diuji menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Difraction X-Ray (SEM-EDX) dan X-Ray Difraction (XRD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah gypsum dan gypsum komersil dapat digunakan sebagai seed material dalam merecovery fosfat dengan fluidized bed dengan ukuran 180-200 mesh. Hasil recovery fosfat menggunakan limbah gypsum sebesar 89% dan gypsum komersil sebesar 95% pada kecepatan optimum 3,4x10-3 m/s. Analisis XRD menunjukkan kristal yang terbentuk pada seed limbah gypsum dan gypsum komersil didominasi oleh Brushite, sedangkan tanpa menggunakan seed terbentuk Fluorapatite dan Hydroxyapatite. Berdasarkan hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan morfologi kristal yang terbentuk pada seed limbah gypsum berbentuk balok dan seed gypsum komersil berbentuk prisma yang pipih, sedangkan tanpa penggunaan seed memiliki bentuk tidak beraturan.
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The fertilizer industry produces 1,250,000 tons/year of gypsum waste (CaSO4.2H2O) as side-products. The calcium content in gypsum waste was 28,52%. Reuse of gypsum waste has been done by the fertilizer industry, but still leaves large amounts of gypsum residu. The fertilizer industry also produces wastewater with high phosphate concentrations reaching 1800 mg/l, which must be recovered before being discharged into the environment to prevent eutrophication. Utilization of gypsum waste in the fertilizer industry has been done in previous studies to recover phosphate with chemical precipitation. Another study stated that phosphate recovery reached 76.5% by crystallizing calcium phosphate on fluidized bed reactor. Factors that influence the formation of crystals are the seed material and the speed of flow that enters the reactor. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective gypsum as seed material, optimum up-flow velocity and analyze the morphology, composition and structure of the formed calcium phosphate crystals. This research was conducted with a continuous system using a three compartment fluidized bed reactor. The variable was a variation of seed material with commercial gypsum and gypsum waste in the fertilizer industry; and up-flow velocity were 1.70x10-3 m/s; 2.55x10-3 m/s and 3.40x10-3 m/s. Commercial gypsum and gypsum waste had function as a seed material and a source of calcium, while variations without seed use the precipitating CaCl2 with a molar ratio [Ca2 +]: [PO4-] of 1.67: 1 in the initial pH of 8.5 ± 0.2. The process of wastewater treatment was varies with each type of seed material. Operating time of seed for gypsum waste material, commercial gypsum and without seed was 130 minutes; 130 minutes; 170 minutes. This study observed the pressure on the reactor, height of bed expansion and up-flow velocity. Quantitative analysis of effluent includes test parameters which were pH, TSS, COD, Concentration of Calcium, Phosphate, Silica and Fluoride. The morphology and composition of the crystals formed would be tested using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Difraction X-Ray (SEM-EDX) and X-Ray Difraction (XRD). The results showed that gypsum waste and commercial gypsum could be used as seed material in phosphate recovery using fluidized bed with the size of 180-200 mesh. The results of phosphate recovery using gypsum waste by 89% and commercial gypsum by 95% at optimum up-flow velocity of 3.40x10-3 m/s. XRD analysis showed that crystals formed in commercial gypsum and gypsum waste seeds were dominated by Brushite, whereas without using the seed, Fluorapatite and Hydroxyapatite were formed. Based on the results of SEM analysis, the morphology of the crystals formed in the gypsum waste seed in the form of beams and commercial gypsum seed in the form of flat prisms, while without the use of the seed shape is irregular.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Fluidized Bed, Fosfat, Gypsum, Industri Pupuk, Kalsium Fosfat |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD455 Chemical precipitation. Coagulation. Flocculation. Water--Purification--Flocculation. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Lifa Nurwijayanti |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Feb 2024 06:10 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Feb 2024 06:10 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/66643 |
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