Megantara, Rizal Angga and Nurrachmat, Mochamad Faisal Fadlia (2020) Pra Desain Pabrik Pengolahan Garam Rakyat Menjadi Garam Industri Dengan Metode Pencucian. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Garam merupakan kumpulan senyawa kimia dengan komposisi utama yaitu Natrium Klorida (NaCl), dengan zat-zat pengotor terdiri dari CaSO4, CaCl2, Mg(HCO3)2, dan lain-lain. Garam dapat diperoleh dengan beberapa cara diantaranya penguapan air laut dengan sinar matahari (solar evaporation), penambangan batuan garam (rock salt mining), serta dari sumur air garam (brine).
Berdasarkan pemanfaatannya, garam dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu garam konsumsi dan garam industri. Garam konsumsi berdasarkan Permenprin no. 84 tahun 2014 memiliki kandungan NaCl minimal 94% dengan penambahan iodium. Sementara berdasarkan SNI 0303-2012, garam industri memiliki kandungan NaCl 96-98,5%.
Pabrik direncanakan mulai beroperasi tahun 2023 dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 100.000 ton/ tahun. Lokasi pendirian pabrik pengolahan garam rakyat menjadi garam industri ini direncanakan di Plered, Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Kota Cirebon dipilih ketersediaan bahan baku yang paling tinggi di Kota Cirebon yaitu sebesar 435,4 ribu ton dengan luas lahan 3858 Ha. Lokasi pemasaran di daerah Jawa Barat dimana terdapat PT Asahimas Chemical, PT Sulfindo Adiusaha, PT Pabrik Kertas Noore dan PT Eco Paper yang memerlukan garam industri sebagai bahan baku.
Dalam pemenuhan kapasitas tahunan, pabrik akan beroperasi kontinyu 24 jam per hari selama 330 hari dari bahan baku sebesar 14.554,8 kg/jam, dapat dihasilkan produk garam industri sebesar 12.628,3 kg/jam. Proses pembuatan garam rakyat menjadi garam industri dapat diuraikan menjadi 3 tahapan proses, yaitu Tahap Persiapan (Pre-Treatment) bahan baku, Tahap Pencucian dan Pemisahan dan Tahap Pengeringan dan Pengemasan.
Pada tahap persiapan, garam rakyat dari gudang bahan baku diangkut meggunakan Belt Conveyor I menuju ke Roll Crusher untuk dilakukan proses size reduction agar ukurannya menjadi lebih kecil. Selain untuk melakukan pengecilan ukuran, roll crusher berfungsi memecah inti kristal dari garam. Kemudian garam rakyat ditampung di Silo sebagai tempat penyimpanan sementara sebelum dilakukan pencucian garam tahap pertama.
Pada tahap kedua yaitu proses washing atau pencucian garam mengunakan larutan brine atau larutan NaCl jenuh untuk meghilangkan pengotor seperti CaSO4, CaCl2, MgCl2, dan Mg(HCO3)2. Proses tersebut dilakukan secara 2 tahap. Pencucian pertama menggunkan mixer tank, sedangkan pecucian kedua menggunakan screw washer. Pada pencucian bahan baku garam rakyat tahap I Garam rakyat dari Silo kemudian dikirimkan ke tangki pencuci garam tahap 1. Mesin pencuci tahap 1 berbentuk tangki berpengaduk. Selanjutnya garam rakyat yang telah tercuci dikirimkan ke mesin pencuci tahap 2 yang berbentuk screw washer dengan model berupa tangki yang disambungan dengan screw conveyor. Pencucian tahap garam rakyat tahap 2 ini dimaksudkan untuk menyempurnakan proses pencucian di tahap 1 mengingat kadar kadar rakyat yang berasal dari lahan garam berkadar NaCl 80-90 %. Garam hasil pencucian di screw washer selanjutnya dikirimkan ke peralatan centrifuge. Fungsi centrifugee ini memisahkan kristal garam dengan larutan garam. Dimana kristal garam akan menempel pada dinding centrifuge sedangkan larutan akan keluar dari centrifuge. Selanjutnya garam akan melalui proses drying dimana proses ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi kadar air dalam garam agar kemurnian garam dapat meningkat sesuai dengan standar SNI.
Pada tahap akhir, garam dari rotary dryer akan memasuki rotary cooler untuk mengurangi suhu dari garam secara cepat. Setelah suhu garam turun, garam akan masuk pada Roll Crusher dimana pada proses ini, bertujuan untuk mengecilkan ukuran garam. Setelah di giling, garam kemudian disortir pada alat screener untuk memisahkan garam dengan ukuran yang telah sesuai standar dengan yang tidak sesuai standar. Garam yang tidak sesai standar akan dikembalikan ke Roll Crusher. Selanjutnya garam akan dimasukkan ke dalam Silo akan ditampung sebelum dikemas. Garam industri yang keluar akan langsung menuju proses packing.
Pabrik garam industri ini merupakan perusahaan yang berbadan hukum Perseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan sistem organisasi garis dan staff. Untuk dapat mendirikan pabrik dengan kapasitas 100.000 ton/tahun diperlukan total modal investasi sebesar
Rp 183.411.353.003,- dan total biaya produksi sebesar Rp. 146.729.082.402,- dengan estimasi hasil penjualan sebesar Rp. 300.000.000.000,- per tahun. Dengan estimasi umur pabrik 10 tahun, dapat diketahui internal rate of return (IRR) sebesar 51%, pay out time (POT) 3,32 tahun dan break even point (BEP) sebesar 22,03 %.
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Salt can be defined as a collection of chemical compounds whose main composition is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) with impurities consisting of CaSO4, MgSO4, MgCl2 and others. Salt can be obtained in several ways, namely evaporation of sea water with sunlight, mining of salt rock (rock salt) and from brine.
Based on its utilization, salt is divided into two groups, namely consumption salt and industrial salt. Consumption salt based on Permenprin no. 84 of 2014 has a minimum NaCl content of 94%. For industrial salt, it takes a higher NaCl content, for example the petroleum industry, textile and leather tanning requires NaCl content above 97.5%, the petrochemical industry with NaCl levels above 96% and the pharmaceutical industry with NaCl levels above 99.8%.
The plant is planned to start operating in 2022 with a production capacity of 100,000 tons / year. The location of the establishment of a salt table processing plant into industrial salt is planned in Plered, Cirebon, West Java. The city of Cirebon has the highest availability of raw materials in the city of Cirebon, amounting to 435.4 thousand tons with a land area of 3858 hectares. Marketing locations in West Java where PT Asahimas Chemical, PT Sulfindo Adiusaha, PT Kertas Kertas Noore and PT Eco Paper are in need of industrial salt as raw material.
In fulfilling annual capacity, the plant will operate continuously 24 hours per day for 330 days from raw materials of 14.554,8 kg / hour, industrial salt products can be produced at 12.628,3 kg / hour. The process of making people's salt into industrial salt can be broken down into 3 stages of the process, namely Pre-Treatment of raw materials, Washing and Separation Phase, and Drying-Packaging Phase.
In the preparation stage, the people's salt from the raw material warehouse is transported using Belt Conveyor I to the Roll Crusher to make the size reduction process so that the size becomes smaller. In addition to doing size reduction, the roll crusher serves to break the crystal core from salt. Then salt is collected at Silo as a temporary storage area before the first stage of salt washing.
In the second stage, the washing process or washing of salt using brine solution or saturated NaCl solution to remove impurities such as CaSO4, CaCl2, MgCl2, dan Mg(HCO3)2. The process is carried out in 2 stages. The first washing uses a mixer tank, while the second washing uses a screw washer. In washing stage I raw material for people's salt, people's salt from Silo is then sent to the salt washing tank stage 1. Stage 1 washing machine in the form of a stirred tank. Furthermore, the washed salt of the people is sent to a stage 2 washing machine in the form of a screw washer with a model in the form of a tank connected with a screw conveyor. The washing stage of the salt stage 2 is intended to perfect the washing process in stage 1 considering the level of the people originating from the soil with a concentration of 80-90% NaCl. The washed salt in the screw washer is then sent to the centrifuge equipment. The centrifuge function separates the salt crystals with a salt solution. Where salt crystals will stick to the centrifuge wall while the solution will come out of the centrifuge. Furthermore salt will go through a drying process wherein this process aims to reduce the water content in the salt so that the purity of the salt can increase according to the SNI standard.
In the final stage, the salt from the rotary dryer will enter the rotary cooler to reduce the temperature of the salt so that it is not too hot. After the temperature of the salt drops, the salt will enter the Roll Crusher wherein this process aims to reduce the size of the salt. After grinding, the salt is then sorted on a screener to separate the salt with the size that has been in accordance with the standard that does not comply with the standard. Non-standard salt will be returned to the Roll Crusher. Then the salt will be put into silos will be accommodated before being packed. The industrial salt coming out will go directly to the packing process.
This industrial salt factory is a company incorporated as a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a line organization system and staff. To be able to establish a factory with a capacity of 100,000 tons / year, a total investment capital of Rp. 183.411.353.002,- is needed, and the total production cost is Rp. 146.729.082.402,- with an estimated sales of
Rp. 300,000,000,000 per year. With a 10-year factory life estimate, it can be seen that the internal rate of return (IRR) is 51%, the pay out time (POT) is 3.32 years and the break even point (BEP) is 22,03%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | 3100020084874 RSK 664.4 Meg p-1 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Brine, Garam Rakyat, Garam Industri, Metode Pencucian |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP370 Food processing and manufacture |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Nurrachmat Mochamad Faisal Fadlia |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Dec 2022 03:26 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Dec 2022 03:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/73694 |
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